{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7","short_pith_number":"pith:DXAGCZUL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4086e44d1c25c5036f1fd00fc51c09611adc616f3ea0df299f26b03114f7b602","abstract_canon_sha256":"d26daa6361b8e643089a081f6177e1fe3d42554afa8aa0769eeb13c0eb6d5113"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc061668b3d3baca68a1c8fb79494cfe5672c195be4ae432891939a40dfb9cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1611.03453","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.03453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.03453v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.03453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXAGCZULHU52","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXAGCZULHU52ZJUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXAGCZUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4086e44d1c25c5036f1fd00fc51c09611adc616f3ea0df299f26b03114f7b602","abstract_canon_sha256":"d26daa6361b8e643089a081f6177e1fe3d42554afa8aa0769eeb13c0eb6d5113"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc061668b3d3baca68a1c8fb79494cfe5672c195be4ae432891939a40dfb9cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.477290Z","signature_b64":"ltEZL7UFH9UoyzIg74uKntwdtwjy1Ky0PWHO/MIzh8lrgPo0X+fmjGN9BVcWUQ3lprw6KFh8zD/N3ZzH7g86Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1dc061668b3d3baca68a1c8fb79494cfe5672c195be4ae432891939a40dfb9cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.476574Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.476574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1611.03453","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XA5XXxu4fi6ePi3MKuuaj0Ks8aFb4w3wJCTDTUu/KYIACwQMikZWD5l3n8w3XG8w0aMYcw4U3zFmEegiAVL2CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:17:42.449459Z"},"content_sha256":"022001c604001ed87b9cafb8cf3146870b0704d806d13e7c63433fb2d8d51fbb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:022001c604001ed87b9cafb8cf3146870b0704d806d13e7c63433fb2d8d51fbb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Service-Chaining Strategies using Virtual Network Functions in Operator Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Abhishek Gupta, Biswanath Mukherjee, Massimo Tornatore, M. Farhan Habib, Pulak Chowdhury, Uttam Mandal","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Network functions (e.g., firewalls, load balancers, etc.) have been traditionally provided through proprietary hardware appliances. Often, hardware appliances need to be hardwired back to back to form a service chain providing chained network functions. Hardware appliances cannot be provisioned on demand since they are statically embedded in the network topology, making creation, insertion, modification, upgrade, and removal of service chains complex, and also slowing down service innovation. Hence, network operators are starting to deploy Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), which are virtualize"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HVR2kFm9HM4k37gR3IrsV7xbTt/LahnoW06rhigdWAWwxoR3vb68X/CPRsrO54I24jWTfKGuztFe6e5UW+RgAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:17:42.450067Z"},"content_sha256":"b038b27e5fdd429c499872fd8e26d0f996ca6966d9b33412ef445de2d899f5a5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b038b27e5fdd429c499872fd8e26d0f996ca6966d9b33412ef445de2d899f5a5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T12:17:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DXAGCZULHU52ZJUKDSH3PFEUZ7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d26daa6361b8e643089a081f6177e1fe3d42554afa8aa0769eeb13c0eb6d5113","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"4086e44d1c25c5036f1fd00fc51c09611adc616f3ea0df299f26b03114f7b602"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.03453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.03453v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.03453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXAGCZULHU52","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXAGCZULHU52ZJUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXAGCZUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b038b27e5fdd429c499872fd8e26d0f996ca6966d9b33412ef445de2d899f5a5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Network functions (e.g., firewalls, load balancers, etc.) have been traditionally provided through proprietary hardware appliances. Often, hardware appliances need to be hardwired back to back to form a service chain providing chained network functions. Hardware appliances cannot be provisioned on demand since they are statically embedded in the network topology, making creation, insertion, modification, upgrade, and removal of service chains complex, and also slowing down service innovation. Hence, network operators are starting to deploy Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), which are virtualize","authors_text":"Abhishek Gupta, Biswanath Mukherjee, Massimo Tornatore, M. Farhan Habib, Pulak Chowdhury, Uttam Mandal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","title":"On Service-Chaining Strategies using Virtual Network Functions in Operator Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:022001c604001ed87b9cafb8cf3146870b0704d806d13e7c63433fb2d8d51fbb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d26daa6361b8e643089a081f6177e1fe3d42554afa8aa0769eeb13c0eb6d5113","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2016-11-10T19:15:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"4086e44d1c25c5036f1fd00fc51c09611adc616f3ea0df299f26b03114f7b602"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.03453","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1dc061668b3d3baca68a1c8fb79494cfe5672c195be4ae432891939a40dfb9cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1dc061668b3d3baca68a1c8fb79494cfe5672c195be4ae432891939a40dfb9cb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.476574Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.476574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ltEZL7UFH9UoyzIg74uKntwdtwjy1Ky0PWHO/MIzh8lrgPo0X+fmjGN9BVcWUQ3lprw6KFh8zD/N3ZzH7g86Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:00.477290Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1611.03453","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:022001c604001ed87b9cafb8cf3146870b0704d806d13e7c63433fb2d8d51fbb","sha256:b038b27e5fdd429c499872fd8e26d0f996ca6966d9b33412ef445de2d899f5a5"],"state_sha256":"1567d0ba4b6076f5ba592ab91ddad0f339768e1e3552c8829fc976a3ad26dd34"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9qws4yw5gaIi5vBAtX6nI3jbNKdE2x7eJGK1wHXU3+znHl+TWwS0pgfjqus/zEsSySWPemVVs2s4HKRp67K+CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T12:17:42.453667Z","bundle_sha256":"1401e4fbd7f8c72e4b52b0815080059daf5b6de8b85d9785d0ab7f99cc237b31"}}