{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L","short_pith_number":"pith:DXBR36A3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2eeeb88e885240bf9c83f4ebf609f924dc9b5719b028bb45a1949cdc385bc5eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d00c4177f3b860dfd1d0438a88e149ccfc2cfa75b53445630058a1220fde6c9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc31df81b6c7c5891ae1b4a39c3c7faf8213a6d5b3d10bc3568db93846e57e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1709.06116","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1709.06116","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1709.06116v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1709.06116","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXBR36A3NR6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXBR36A3NR6FRENO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXBR36A3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2eeeb88e885240bf9c83f4ebf609f924dc9b5719b028bb45a1949cdc385bc5eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d00c4177f3b860dfd1d0438a88e149ccfc2cfa75b53445630058a1220fde6c9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc31df81b6c7c5891ae1b4a39c3c7faf8213a6d5b3d10bc3568db93846e57e8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864644Z","signature_b64":"7N/PJPHEyssSj5FTJ34tSabaYovQ1jyXrBRH01m+QiwrZ/z7GYNcDLkckWmbvQEdhzmIwvADcuHtfgsGu+HGDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1dc31df81b6c7c5891ae1b4a39c3c7faf8213a6d5b3d10bc3568db93846e57e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864116Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864116Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1709.06116","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/d6/UpjH5IzBkXPfpVeM5/e1N1FWN9xiRbr6whZnyUr2W0ex9NNXSywekeq82xiQ8uRWzaoyw4vnZ5jRBVQMCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:53:57.245778Z"},"content_sha256":"f632f4c091f5904a54fcfa0862e2c4c09a5cf6a83e7b50527a8ffba469c58695","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f632f4c091f5904a54fcfa0862e2c4c09a5cf6a83e7b50527a8ffba469c58695"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Initial Masses of the Red Supergiant Progenitors to Type-II Supernovae","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Ben Davies, Emma Beasor","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"There are a growing number of nearby SNe for which the progenitor star is detected in archival pre-explosion imaging. From these images it is possible to measure the progenitor's brightness a few years before explosion, and ultimately estimate its initial mass. Previous work has shown that II-P and II-L supernovae (SNe) have Red Supergiant (RSG) progenitors, and that the range of initial masses for these progenitors seems to be limited to $<$17M$_\\odot$. This is in contrast with the cutoff of 25-30M$_\\odot$ predicted by evolutionary models, a result which is termed the 'Red Supergiant Problem'"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ut9H1Wqq54OlHVPq9pbprv1keFuEgw3tOyWhQonk28cnt5ILW6bHQlkC/xTLRmij0YD1seinyzWgu4VKEmk8Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:53:57.246397Z"},"content_sha256":"d16392dd1c23f540f3973ebb1be2151ca81c91c33f177cb22e2fde07d5400897","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d16392dd1c23f540f3973ebb1be2151ca81c91c33f177cb22e2fde07d5400897"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T08:53:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:DXBR36A3NR6FRENODNFDTQ6H7L","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d00c4177f3b860dfd1d0438a88e149ccfc2cfa75b53445630058a1220fde6c9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2eeeb88e885240bf9c83f4ebf609f924dc9b5719b028bb45a1949cdc385bc5eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1709.06116","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1709.06116v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1709.06116","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXBR36A3NR6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXBR36A3NR6FRENO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXBR36A3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d16392dd1c23f540f3973ebb1be2151ca81c91c33f177cb22e2fde07d5400897","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There are a growing number of nearby SNe for which the progenitor star is detected in archival pre-explosion imaging. From these images it is possible to measure the progenitor's brightness a few years before explosion, and ultimately estimate its initial mass. Previous work has shown that II-P and II-L supernovae (SNe) have Red Supergiant (RSG) progenitors, and that the range of initial masses for these progenitors seems to be limited to $<$17M$_\\odot$. This is in contrast with the cutoff of 25-30M$_\\odot$ predicted by evolutionary models, a result which is termed the 'Red Supergiant Problem'","authors_text":"Ben Davies, Emma Beasor","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","title":"The Initial Masses of the Red Supergiant Progenitors to Type-II Supernovae"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f632f4c091f5904a54fcfa0862e2c4c09a5cf6a83e7b50527a8ffba469c58695","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d00c4177f3b860dfd1d0438a88e149ccfc2cfa75b53445630058a1220fde6c9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-09-18T18:28:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2eeeb88e885240bf9c83f4ebf609f924dc9b5719b028bb45a1949cdc385bc5eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1709.06116","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1dc31df81b6c7c5891ae1b4a39c3c7faf8213a6d5b3d10bc3568db93846e57e8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1dc31df81b6c7c5891ae1b4a39c3c7faf8213a6d5b3d10bc3568db93846e57e8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864116Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864116Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7N/PJPHEyssSj5FTJ34tSabaYovQ1jyXrBRH01m+QiwrZ/z7GYNcDLkckWmbvQEdhzmIwvADcuHtfgsGu+HGDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.864644Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1709.06116","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f632f4c091f5904a54fcfa0862e2c4c09a5cf6a83e7b50527a8ffba469c58695","sha256:d16392dd1c23f540f3973ebb1be2151ca81c91c33f177cb22e2fde07d5400897"],"state_sha256":"1b60509dfa30e75d53f6cea542e022a63dfddbc8f31d1e7984b4bb1bc65ef35c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"10qJTw/eIEg7cBA+akL20R7M/LWLnk4tC6jQezv75CNX7ppckivsgeh9XI4iT76Mf8EorffLWwLGM6HhCdY4CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T08:53:57.249486Z","bundle_sha256":"6ecdeecb10dbe59474031bf5a2de83f97002578e37749f42112aaef9a2dd64ca"}}