{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW","short_pith_number":"pith:DXEPYHLP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd7fc068343a5215c03ebd95993a9c9608a201aba2a0fb25085f3eaa080db749","abstract_canon_sha256":"b926e5e751a95f6e6aaf4a24c83d42451b3626fdb99a0a90983f493b1967bc0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc8fc1d6f2b98f2c40f95e342990f55b3f3c6ae6397eaea239633da1d6307e1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.07934","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.07934","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.07934v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.07934","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXEPYHLPFOMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXEPYHLP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd7fc068343a5215c03ebd95993a9c9608a201aba2a0fb25085f3eaa080db749","abstract_canon_sha256":"b926e5e751a95f6e6aaf4a24c83d42451b3626fdb99a0a90983f493b1967bc0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dc8fc1d6f2b98f2c40f95e342990f55b3f3c6ae6397eaea239633da1d6307e1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075462Z","signature_b64":"OZ1/F/tMoNai1zx9u24k4IYSlYGf5WsH/hqlu1PgIVrwxuAP2IxSzWJzkS1TAtkWtSc4MNrHMwqCKG93+023AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1dc8fc1d6f2b98f2c40f95e342990f55b3f3c6ae6397eaea239633da1d6307e1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075006Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075006Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1509.07934","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LIL3gWIQG3e7GySQLRKfxRUlaIyurAtbAKWPX/DwuHEh3rIZeZMg+1tnMk1FJ8KlvlWWWTTCHaV76IpR9iEbCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:45:28.363998Z"},"content_sha256":"9f5acd11b2284b7f9ef69784bce59e1bda55a45ffb9fd0156e17ccd80680b1f0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9f5acd11b2284b7f9ef69784bce59e1bda55a45ffb9fd0156e17ccd80680b1f0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Particles Acceleration in Converged Two Shocks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Hao Shan, Joe Giacalone, Mingde Ding, Na Wang, Xin Wang, Yihua Yan","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observations show that there is a proton spectral \"break\" with E$_{break}$ at 1-10MeV in some large CME-driven shocks. Theoretical model usually attribute this phenomenon to a diffusive shock acceleration. However, the underlying physics of the shock acceleration still remains uncertain. Although previous numerical models can hardly predict this \"break\" due to either high computational expense or shortcomings of current models, the present paper focuses on simulating this energy spectrum in converged two shocks by Monte Carlo numerical method. Considering the Dec 13 2006 CME-driven shock inter"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xFq8mHDzGqd+iD1JVOI+Y8VVfTNmc5CvvUHotHuoOazl03uV8AxWTYQBubXY7eJB2HIVgf3UPevOYP6kHykEBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:45:28.364361Z"},"content_sha256":"1c0c818cc6857b4489899835d95f38bb4726ad21596a27b2dac7eae4952111cc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c0c818cc6857b4489899835d95f38bb4726ad21596a27b2dac7eae4952111cc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T23:45:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAPSXRUFGIPKW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b926e5e751a95f6e6aaf4a24c83d42451b3626fdb99a0a90983f493b1967bc0a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd7fc068343a5215c03ebd95993a9c9608a201aba2a0fb25085f3eaa080db749"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.07934","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.07934v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.07934","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXEPYHLPFOMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXEPYHLPFOMPFRAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXEPYHLP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1c0c818cc6857b4489899835d95f38bb4726ad21596a27b2dac7eae4952111cc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Observations show that there is a proton spectral \"break\" with E$_{break}$ at 1-10MeV in some large CME-driven shocks. Theoretical model usually attribute this phenomenon to a diffusive shock acceleration. However, the underlying physics of the shock acceleration still remains uncertain. Although previous numerical models can hardly predict this \"break\" due to either high computational expense or shortcomings of current models, the present paper focuses on simulating this energy spectrum in converged two shocks by Monte Carlo numerical method. Considering the Dec 13 2006 CME-driven shock inter","authors_text":"Hao Shan, Joe Giacalone, Mingde Ding, Na Wang, Xin Wang, Yihua Yan","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","title":"Particles Acceleration in Converged Two Shocks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9f5acd11b2284b7f9ef69784bce59e1bda55a45ffb9fd0156e17ccd80680b1f0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b926e5e751a95f6e6aaf4a24c83d42451b3626fdb99a0a90983f493b1967bc0a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-09-26T01:30:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd7fc068343a5215c03ebd95993a9c9608a201aba2a0fb25085f3eaa080db749"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1509.07934","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1dc8fc1d6f2b98f2c40f95e342990f55b3f3c6ae6397eaea239633da1d6307e1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1dc8fc1d6f2b98f2c40f95e342990f55b3f3c6ae6397eaea239633da1d6307e1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075006Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075006Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OZ1/F/tMoNai1zx9u24k4IYSlYGf5WsH/hqlu1PgIVrwxuAP2IxSzWJzkS1TAtkWtSc4MNrHMwqCKG93+023AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:55.075462Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1509.07934","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9f5acd11b2284b7f9ef69784bce59e1bda55a45ffb9fd0156e17ccd80680b1f0","sha256:1c0c818cc6857b4489899835d95f38bb4726ad21596a27b2dac7eae4952111cc"],"state_sha256":"2845fbd4a91d651b9eccaea037277e7e8c6ee6763d950a552f226b824b4aaf87"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2QBSaRpApXffQYR4B8MxuR/YT/wQjIAKY69yec8WZngltYU+FpOzYpjUfrnKUW0LnYTwVKLa/TMoQlwClRPtDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T23:45:28.366452Z","bundle_sha256":"6773e319f43207d8aac8bf536ae8b480b9afbb37b2e47dacc65a6a59ab58a5c2"}}