{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4","short_pith_number":"pith:DXHMXAR3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"2a97bada289b3949cd4bbaf14e0a6f084f4103d32850bca374cb9713471c8146","abstract_canon_sha256":"c5e0e5f35c7c7c5856afec3a6418a9fe16f09d2ba2e8031f77f369c740179845"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dcecb823bac5127e8e4bffec45b6c5f21ca1f768d571f98ac7ef13d728063e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2205.01470","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.01470","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.01470v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.01470","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3VRIS","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3VRISP2HE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"2a97bada289b3949cd4bbaf14e0a6f084f4103d32850bca374cb9713471c8146","abstract_canon_sha256":"c5e0e5f35c7c7c5856afec3a6418a9fe16f09d2ba2e8031f77f369c740179845"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1dcecb823bac5127e8e4bffec45b6c5f21ca1f768d571f98ac7ef13d728063e8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239574Z","signature_b64":"/XBkNAzAF52wnm8zdbm2EtzgiHIZhSB41UJAzNgQzaS5kt+YELFg4MTmT1sHPw8+rANnpHLj8AYvHRve/5fEBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1dcecb823bac5127e8e4bffec45b6c5f21ca1f768d571f98ac7ef13d728063e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239067Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239067Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2205.01470","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vIpPY6hDKQK8P+/s0S/4ow9heYHJG6rEreuFB84MkyPL/F6J/zvNgGlZBD65PheUJGN0NYoNulg3VEZTcrqACg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T15:48:12.017837Z"},"content_sha256":"56b8e1bd057df01f543f28c8838968d367cacf7ae2780a29e93db46ea14ba7fa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56b8e1bd057df01f543f28c8838968d367cacf7ae2780a29e93db46ea14ba7fa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Revisiting Communication-Efficient Federated Learning with Balanced Global and Local Updates","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dong Li, Jiguang He, Zhichao Zhang, Zhigang Yan","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"In federated learning (FL), a number of devices train their local models and upload the corresponding parameters or gradients to the base station (BS) to update the global model while protecting their data privacy. However, due to the limited computation and communication resources, the number of local trainings (a.k.a. local update) and that of aggregations (a.k.a. global update) need to be carefully chosen. In this paper, we investigate and analyze the optimal trade-off between the number of local trainings and that of global aggregations to speed up the convergence and enhance the predictio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2205.01470/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9TTSir205PLyZXzD6hPNY44ewa2p1DtHg/OB8RfzVh8Hnxmoc+cL7PR1KnoyPzxQJk20EkDSD8L1Ettcq0exDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T15:48:12.018249Z"},"content_sha256":"fc1d43e1219b2c142aac9439c36580241c413844c26e5d21a75d37f873681ceb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc1d43e1219b2c142aac9439c36580241c413844c26e5d21a75d37f873681ceb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T15:48:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:DXHMXAR3VRISP2HEX77MIW3ML4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c5e0e5f35c7c7c5856afec3a6418a9fe16f09d2ba2e8031f77f369c740179845","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a97bada289b3949cd4bbaf14e0a6f084f4103d32850bca374cb9713471c8146"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.01470","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.01470v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.01470","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3VRIS","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3VRISP2HE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DXHMXAR3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc1d43e1219b2c142aac9439c36580241c413844c26e5d21a75d37f873681ceb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2205.01470/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In federated learning (FL), a number of devices train their local models and upload the corresponding parameters or gradients to the base station (BS) to update the global model while protecting their data privacy. However, due to the limited computation and communication resources, the number of local trainings (a.k.a. local update) and that of aggregations (a.k.a. global update) need to be carefully chosen. In this paper, we investigate and analyze the optimal trade-off between the number of local trainings and that of global aggregations to speed up the convergence and enhance the predictio","authors_text":"Dong Li, Jiguang He, Zhichao Zhang, Zhigang Yan","cross_cats":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","title":"Revisiting Communication-Efficient Federated Learning with Balanced Global and Local Updates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56b8e1bd057df01f543f28c8838968d367cacf7ae2780a29e93db46ea14ba7fa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c5e0e5f35c7c7c5856afec3a6418a9fe16f09d2ba2e8031f77f369c740179845","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T13:05:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a97bada289b3949cd4bbaf14e0a6f084f4103d32850bca374cb9713471c8146"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.01470","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1dcecb823bac5127e8e4bffec45b6c5f21ca1f768d571f98ac7ef13d728063e8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1dcecb823bac5127e8e4bffec45b6c5f21ca1f768d571f98ac7ef13d728063e8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239067Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239067Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/XBkNAzAF52wnm8zdbm2EtzgiHIZhSB41UJAzNgQzaS5kt+YELFg4MTmT1sHPw8+rANnpHLj8AYvHRve/5fEBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:20:05.239574Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2205.01470","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56b8e1bd057df01f543f28c8838968d367cacf7ae2780a29e93db46ea14ba7fa","sha256:fc1d43e1219b2c142aac9439c36580241c413844c26e5d21a75d37f873681ceb"],"state_sha256":"7a363245a3cd841137b1e9f654211be755712c40b314e6b28dcdf9d8c8e452ae"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U59Z+/6TtHmEcArMRByBcDR83R3dUdK9qtHsDawNQV80NW4A6duhU8RZU1UY3GGPRLhBnmxPp3Ai93PAR1m9Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T15:48:12.020569Z","bundle_sha256":"b6833e5fcf27dc906e734e52c5c188f414715db1ff8b56561cfdaa809904eb9d"}}