{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2","short_pith_number":"pith:DZ4VJHTJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7f9a930520dc21441c5875b7cad59073b090acaab12fb3a3af658780d25ce43d","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ea4a1e278a47453053868405908c5f60499f9bb09d5c76986bf7cae7a060059"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e79549e6946d517d6bdba25335c5c0eae1c16d6e421f669f51a41f5def2e8a7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.06319","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06319","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06319v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06319","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJI3KR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7f9a930520dc21441c5875b7cad59073b090acaab12fb3a3af658780d25ce43d","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ea4a1e278a47453053868405908c5f60499f9bb09d5c76986bf7cae7a060059"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e79549e6946d517d6bdba25335c5c0eae1c16d6e421f669f51a41f5def2e8a7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.492293Z","signature_b64":"854QVDhLSJZRWEhVSYn/OmT5y2cJYNDkRz7xDEGlpbMqfU5XSb3dEVxNKT02DcexfQq7GZiDhUF+vykmYamZCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1e79549e6946d517d6bdba25335c5c0eae1c16d6e421f669f51a41f5def2e8a7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.491647Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.491647Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.06319","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aKR3haYPDLH+7IEaVVSbzdppC+VbcyA+vyHYqPB086OC7n3v92e+3/Er3slJ7YjpNNIdKjArE16gyNbjVnx9Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:10:19.109265Z"},"content_sha256":"f0a12adea7fbe1659ccb5461194e8f161575a173a92770395d51d170c20ecdeb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0a12adea7fbe1659ccb5461194e8f161575a173a92770395d51d170c20ecdeb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Comparison of Flare Forecasting Methods, I: Results from the \"All-Clear\" Workshop","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"C. Balch, C.J. Schrijver, D.A. Falconer, D.S. Bloomfield, E.L. Wagner, G. Barnes, J. Zhang, K.D. Leka, M.K. Georgoulis, M.S. Wheatland, O.W. Ashamari, P.A. Higgins, P.T. Gallagher, R. Qahwaji, R.T.J. McAteer, T. Colak, T. Dunn, Y.Yuan","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Solar flares produce radiation which can have an almost immediate effect on the near-Earth environment, making it crucial to forecast flares in order to mitigate their negative effects. The number of published approaches to flare forecasting using photospheric magnetic field observations has proliferated, with varying claims about how well each works. Because of the different analysis techniques and data sets used, it is essentially impossible to compare the results from the literature. This problem is exacerbated by the low event rates of large solar flares. The challenges of forecasting rare"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bfMb90D3sbSKaEoO8Q6yY4oD3QB6x9FkQPGFzOOogVxWnlradcl6rF2zuNaDNnQXOh6kCgMPHxfDvs9UDCCoBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:10:19.109997Z"},"content_sha256":"ac3dbbcf40dfcc30f8518657d85fdb7a764f9e5d6f8f5520ed135dae8762fdb6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac3dbbcf40dfcc30f8518657d85fdb7a764f9e5d6f8f5520ed135dae8762fdb6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T08:10:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5XISTGXC4B2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ea4a1e278a47453053868405908c5f60499f9bb09d5c76986bf7cae7a060059","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"7f9a930520dc21441c5875b7cad59073b090acaab12fb3a3af658780d25ce43d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06319","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06319v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06319","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJI3KR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJI3KRPVV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DZ4VJHTJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ac3dbbcf40dfcc30f8518657d85fdb7a764f9e5d6f8f5520ed135dae8762fdb6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Solar flares produce radiation which can have an almost immediate effect on the near-Earth environment, making it crucial to forecast flares in order to mitigate their negative effects. The number of published approaches to flare forecasting using photospheric magnetic field observations has proliferated, with varying claims about how well each works. Because of the different analysis techniques and data sets used, it is essentially impossible to compare the results from the literature. This problem is exacerbated by the low event rates of large solar flares. The challenges of forecasting rare","authors_text":"C. Balch, C.J. Schrijver, D.A. Falconer, D.S. Bloomfield, E.L. Wagner, G. Barnes, J. Zhang, K.D. Leka, M.K. Georgoulis, M.S. Wheatland, O.W. Ashamari, P.A. Higgins, P.T. Gallagher, R. Qahwaji, R.T.J. McAteer, T. Colak, T. Dunn, Y.Yuan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","title":"A Comparison of Flare Forecasting Methods, I: Results from the \"All-Clear\" Workshop"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f0a12adea7fbe1659ccb5461194e8f161575a173a92770395d51d170c20ecdeb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ea4a1e278a47453053868405908c5f60499f9bb09d5c76986bf7cae7a060059","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-08-22T21:33:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"7f9a930520dc21441c5875b7cad59073b090acaab12fb3a3af658780d25ce43d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06319","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1e79549e6946d517d6bdba25335c5c0eae1c16d6e421f669f51a41f5def2e8a7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1e79549e6946d517d6bdba25335c5c0eae1c16d6e421f669f51a41f5def2e8a7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.491647Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.491647Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"854QVDhLSJZRWEhVSYn/OmT5y2cJYNDkRz7xDEGlpbMqfU5XSb3dEVxNKT02DcexfQq7GZiDhUF+vykmYamZCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:17.492293Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.06319","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f0a12adea7fbe1659ccb5461194e8f161575a173a92770395d51d170c20ecdeb","sha256:ac3dbbcf40dfcc30f8518657d85fdb7a764f9e5d6f8f5520ed135dae8762fdb6"],"state_sha256":"315f51c1dda5b0aaad0d58f8aa4e320949f8194a85dbd4f98f553bc2dac29048"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e/VjD0E0Vci39+B79sjixY/sLu6mEDvlTqxccuZyZ9z8wgdsq9BXiC32L8XePFo8bDKFQa2aAd9QTzcpuRHZDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:10:19.114132Z","bundle_sha256":"39d67b53c6b27accef9b03e368543a03cdb07f6a96fb04941572a6199de7296e"}}