{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:DZGTRMDJWZJY4G75DZASNRM2UC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47b25bbb69b0b8194e0b31a228e26e4ab05e07d7f71ab0e9c99ceeda3d5f41f9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:03:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8b9e54a81eaa3f3303e2897928e1a70a7616eef78a3cc849d2ea5be6744387f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1365","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.1365","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.1365v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.1365","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DZGTRMDJWZJY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DZGTRMDJWZJY4G75","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DZGTRMDJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:929b7aae5d92ece76ca462feb49357831caa2777cae94f2b074e82cfe181739a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is well known that there may be many causal explanations that are consistent with a given set of data. Recent work has been done to represent the common aspects of these explanations into one representation. In this paper, we address what is less well known: how do the relationships common to every causal explanation among the observed variables of some DAG process change in the presence of latent variables? Ancestral graphs provide a class of graphs that can encode conditional independence relations that arise in DAG models with latent and selection variables. In this paper we present a se","authors_text":"Ayesha R. Ali, Jiji Zhang, Peter L. Spirtes, Thomas S. Richardson","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:03:21Z","title":"Towards Characterizing Markov Equivalence Classes for Directed Acyclic Graphs with Latent Variables"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.1365","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4d33b0a1015fe1603e43310ca0a3c311e6230d512d0d92701802283b9cf4a8d0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47b25bbb69b0b8194e0b31a228e26e4ab05e07d7f71ab0e9c99ceeda3d5f41f9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2012-07-04T16:03:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"c8b9e54a81eaa3f3303e2897928e1a70a7616eef78a3cc849d2ea5be6744387f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.1365","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1e4d38b069b6538e1bfd1e4126c59aa08ec434ea63a600780f181552a8f1564f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1e4d38b069b6538e1bfd1e4126c59aa08ec434ea63a600780f181552a8f1564f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.627350Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.627350Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FsXira88x+JW45z+iuGj2TUZ6rSLQIF5X0zrchLzWqCdfJ/Q9FZqymUtxQLxLsun5RcHsFDnFTMmboXff1YaDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:37.627879Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1207.1365","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4d33b0a1015fe1603e43310ca0a3c311e6230d512d0d92701802283b9cf4a8d0","sha256:929b7aae5d92ece76ca462feb49357831caa2777cae94f2b074e82cfe181739a"],"state_sha256":"ca478e3c56aae64f1527b5e127c02a5f64c121d0b127bb9aefdfed998206b162"}