{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW","short_pith_number":"pith:DZNSEOUL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d984fa72f323d58a815e95dea9fe86eefc5026be71b3dea25bcfa0cfc02ac791","abstract_canon_sha256":"f57928d7e499ef620b674016f632b4549231d37a67a4edb0e5b65c3013e3858e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e5b223a8bed27747cc7dae781a5c2bd9b3c1918eb18902f961a3083e6b53fc9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.07407","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.07407","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.07407v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.07407","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL5UTX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d984fa72f323d58a815e95dea9fe86eefc5026be71b3dea25bcfa0cfc02ac791","abstract_canon_sha256":"f57928d7e499ef620b674016f632b4549231d37a67a4edb0e5b65c3013e3858e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e5b223a8bed27747cc7dae781a5c2bd9b3c1918eb18902f961a3083e6b53fc9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828561Z","signature_b64":"Eaoec5xp5thuINxm6TakFaPT2aIqJs+1T8bJATCwtp7IuNx0YET33qqkpO5fs0AMdWLSZzqHBciPMhWnZRYnCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1e5b223a8bed27747cc7dae781a5c2bd9b3c1918eb18902f961a3083e6b53fc9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828046Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.07407","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OXvnEnwfRKymz6T/xz8CNcOLC8myQ/kqVbWE2m+h6gYHK0JZNRuhpiRErt2bVJAYciDdx7Sxfb/U66GzlyfbAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:47:22.920440Z"},"content_sha256":"f08bee1a8dd3cdb0c09bb624200be328ae8e7886f6b35691d25c84ce353ec38f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f08bee1a8dd3cdb0c09bb624200be328ae8e7886f6b35691d25c84ce353ec38f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Conversational Markers of Constructive Discussions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Vlad Niculae","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Group discussions are essential for organizing every aspect of modern life, from faculty meetings to senate debates, from grant review panels to papal conclaves. While costly in terms of time and organization effort, group discussions are commonly seen as a way of reaching better decisions compared to solutions that do not require coordination between the individuals (e.g. voting)---through discussion, the sum becomes greater than the parts. However, this assumption is not irrefutable: anecdotal evidence of wasteful discussions abounds, and in our own experiments we find that over 30% of discu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GFSaUz5cqq7XXRNrjH2g5ZTfvw09K6gehsnE01ixxX1GE73GB+Nz00szRVR4PTMHkagxgcR5gYr1vGdS7dk1CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:47:22.921188Z"},"content_sha256":"81be565f06ef4ef2407437e19ce923103930dec7937a1ab517112fd38985f2f2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:81be565f06ef4ef2407437e19ce923103930dec7937a1ab517112fd38985f2f2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T15:47:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH3LTYDJOCXW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f57928d7e499ef620b674016f632b4549231d37a67a4edb0e5b65c3013e3858e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"d984fa72f323d58a815e95dea9fe86eefc5026be71b3dea25bcfa0cfc02ac791"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.07407","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.07407v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.07407","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL5UTX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL5UTXI7GH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DZNSEOUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:81be565f06ef4ef2407437e19ce923103930dec7937a1ab517112fd38985f2f2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Group discussions are essential for organizing every aspect of modern life, from faculty meetings to senate debates, from grant review panels to papal conclaves. While costly in terms of time and organization effort, group discussions are commonly seen as a way of reaching better decisions compared to solutions that do not require coordination between the individuals (e.g. voting)---through discussion, the sum becomes greater than the parts. However, this assumption is not irrefutable: anecdotal evidence of wasteful discussions abounds, and in our own experiments we find that over 30% of discu","authors_text":"Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Vlad Niculae","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","title":"Conversational Markers of Constructive Discussions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f08bee1a8dd3cdb0c09bb624200be328ae8e7886f6b35691d25c84ce353ec38f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f57928d7e499ef620b674016f632b4549231d37a67a4edb0e5b65c3013e3858e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SI","physics.soc-ph","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-04-25T20:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"d984fa72f323d58a815e95dea9fe86eefc5026be71b3dea25bcfa0cfc02ac791"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.07407","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1e5b223a8bed27747cc7dae781a5c2bd9b3c1918eb18902f961a3083e6b53fc9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1e5b223a8bed27747cc7dae781a5c2bd9b3c1918eb18902f961a3083e6b53fc9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828046Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Eaoec5xp5thuINxm6TakFaPT2aIqJs+1T8bJATCwtp7IuNx0YET33qqkpO5fs0AMdWLSZzqHBciPMhWnZRYnCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:19.828561Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.07407","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f08bee1a8dd3cdb0c09bb624200be328ae8e7886f6b35691d25c84ce353ec38f","sha256:81be565f06ef4ef2407437e19ce923103930dec7937a1ab517112fd38985f2f2"],"state_sha256":"5bec343107ba7c57cdaed082983006369a6255224bee2a6db1cd01ac49a50c72"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zjSVIyRCJSNHiYPRsgwdJ5Lg6FQEujlQOEOUXm13907YzitTPkIzhplhxZAjHVWWYwZVjEW7Q80k30GZROD0Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:47:22.924002Z","bundle_sha256":"e8db8e8b7eed378d63f82cbbda0111d199161f77071ca08cded33b3415b92567"}}