{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6","short_pith_number":"pith:E2SDJAU5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"51319760225b7d0e1fe86d671b3c604315fb5f0ebc2df144f455747a3e2c7bbf","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ef54596836528934ddb484db0292a325f1d0420432a6b27eb9f5ece0d6f34e8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26a434829d0b464d196ec3e4488d6d2fa4f0e3c4c339d499cf62e3fe3c7ca20f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.07009","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.07009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.07009v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.07009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5BNDE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"51319760225b7d0e1fe86d671b3c604315fb5f0ebc2df144f455747a3e2c7bbf","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ef54596836528934ddb484db0292a325f1d0420432a6b27eb9f5ece0d6f34e8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26a434829d0b464d196ec3e4488d6d2fa4f0e3c4c339d499cf62e3fe3c7ca20f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023695Z","signature_b64":"+a0k6X1B0aWGoN4m5Hgh1LSX5fYBJ5RFFOC4rRJfYr0AgIpTeMDZmC/Hgr0hcEqRlo8USEDdTJ76FQN5siH9Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"26a434829d0b464d196ec3e4488d6d2fa4f0e3c4c339d499cf62e3fe3c7ca20f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023270Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023270Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.07009","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6kJ4EHsGjeTWrZ6Kq+VRzo8PDtLSWESKDRu+fPq2/d5b09as59h0CVt6CNJmh3mp3jFx2RQFOohvI4HCNH7sDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:06:53.926443Z"},"content_sha256":"214be7a58040287dc448f0d34e503490266e7f3fc9c95266489b95f38dc16c8b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:214be7a58040287dc448f0d34e503490266e7f3fc9c95266489b95f38dc16c8b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pixel Difference Networks for Efficient Edge Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Dewen Hu, Li Liu, Matti Pietik\\\"ainen, Qing Liao, Qi Tian, Wenzhe Liu, Zhuo Su, Zitong Yu","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can achieve human-level performance in edge detection with the rich and abstract edge representation capacities. However, the high performance of CNN based edge detection is achieved with a large pretrained CNN backbone, which is memory and energy consuming. In addition, it is surprising that the previous wisdom from the traditional edge detectors, such as Canny, Sobel, and LBP are rarely investigated in the rapid-developing deep learning era. To address these issues, we propose a simple, lightweight yet effective architecture named Pixel Dif"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.07009/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OD8ugWlsRyW4nO7laXvzlkNCRbbZp3N+QpZB9OrFKCsjZ59rCg6EML0z3kFBzuqMH/0x/X8xUZng+puQC0EDCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:06:53.926832Z"},"content_sha256":"ab4a01c36f04cf5ce56e311bcbac3ed7eb4b6915b30b99cca45ca77b8f8a864c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab4a01c36f04cf5ce56e311bcbac3ed7eb4b6915b30b99cca45ca77b8f8a864c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T15:06:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLOYPSERDLNF6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ef54596836528934ddb484db0292a325f1d0420432a6b27eb9f5ece0d6f34e8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"51319760225b7d0e1fe86d671b3c604315fb5f0ebc2df144f455747a3e2c7bbf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.07009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.07009v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.07009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5BNDE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5BNDE2GLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E2SDJAU5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ab4a01c36f04cf5ce56e311bcbac3ed7eb4b6915b30b99cca45ca77b8f8a864c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.07009/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can achieve human-level performance in edge detection with the rich and abstract edge representation capacities. However, the high performance of CNN based edge detection is achieved with a large pretrained CNN backbone, which is memory and energy consuming. In addition, it is surprising that the previous wisdom from the traditional edge detectors, such as Canny, Sobel, and LBP are rarely investigated in the rapid-developing deep learning era. To address these issues, we propose a simple, lightweight yet effective architecture named Pixel Dif","authors_text":"Dewen Hu, Li Liu, Matti Pietik\\\"ainen, Qing Liao, Qi Tian, Wenzhe Liu, Zhuo Su, Zitong Yu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","title":"Pixel Difference Networks for Efficient Edge Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:214be7a58040287dc448f0d34e503490266e7f3fc9c95266489b95f38dc16c8b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ef54596836528934ddb484db0292a325f1d0420432a6b27eb9f5ece0d6f34e8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T10:42:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"51319760225b7d0e1fe86d671b3c604315fb5f0ebc2df144f455747a3e2c7bbf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.07009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"26a434829d0b464d196ec3e4488d6d2fa4f0e3c4c339d499cf62e3fe3c7ca20f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"26a434829d0b464d196ec3e4488d6d2fa4f0e3c4c339d499cf62e3fe3c7ca20f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023270Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023270Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+a0k6X1B0aWGoN4m5Hgh1LSX5fYBJ5RFFOC4rRJfYr0AgIpTeMDZmC/Hgr0hcEqRlo8USEDdTJ76FQN5siH9Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:00.023695Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.07009","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:214be7a58040287dc448f0d34e503490266e7f3fc9c95266489b95f38dc16c8b","sha256:ab4a01c36f04cf5ce56e311bcbac3ed7eb4b6915b30b99cca45ca77b8f8a864c"],"state_sha256":"54086e45d6ac6d204f036ae5cf1460e67896c9b5a28a653a5ccb68a1fe7c9c82"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nMdoNLfeXfcCqCg/Pysco8vwwYzx1ii1nseE9tC0VMJ2HAPzleIuDp9+SUbKiPoJsYQ5jcHaUSeyUhlpaF/qBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T15:06:53.928850Z","bundle_sha256":"e99c9f93ba85f797ae72b74ebfee4adf995bace6bf0a2cfad45a50ef55fb8834"}}