{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP","short_pith_number":"pith:E4EFQNFL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"02005a584e091308f2eba6368d94d5b1f6cdaf0cbd542114d7feab96e4da52e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"d27716158aaa24ad45c128526464de4e8bb2678ff350ea7dbe4e5daee38be6b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27085834ab0480f5db991f747f8a698bec9fe4667168fa3e29514a3c02045597","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0908.3546","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0908.3546","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0908.3546v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0908.3546","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4EFQNFLASAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4EFQNFLASAPLW4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4EFQNFL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"02005a584e091308f2eba6368d94d5b1f6cdaf0cbd542114d7feab96e4da52e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"d27716158aaa24ad45c128526464de4e8bb2678ff350ea7dbe4e5daee38be6b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27085834ab0480f5db991f747f8a698bec9fe4667168fa3e29514a3c02045597","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.349164Z","signature_b64":"PWKTasIEQhpfT86vlPJO2B7W/XyGFhSW8d9/sxpDcXFoHf7eBQDgDbey6Q8JpzxMO6LE9/5up3unx0VhNMCuAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"27085834ab0480f5db991f747f8a698bec9fe4667168fa3e29514a3c02045597","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.348387Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.348387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0908.3546","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wpB7yRkTVxzHjmuXrIIJfYCTbt40Komjc9DBvWKoOeapxQpJYyaU7A+mGyIPAIus5mDGc0X7FOQ/NtJipKDpAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:38:34.354718Z"},"content_sha256":"9a146e16a607a8ef91003b86093cc4ef2701c3371473e5afe6bf69c912634358","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a146e16a607a8ef91003b86093cc4ef2701c3371473e5afe6bf69c912634358"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"N-Body Simulation of Planetesimal Formation through Gravitational Instability and Coagulation. II. Accretion Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Eiichiro Kokubo, Shugo Michikoshi, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"The gravitational instability of a dust layer is one of the scenarios for planetesimal formation. If the density of a dust layer becomes sufficiently high as a result of the sedimentation of dust grains toward the midplane of a protoplanetary disk, the layer becomes gravitationally unstable and spontaneously fragments into planetesimals. Using a shearing box method, we performed local $N$-body simulations of gravitational instability of a dust layer and subsequent coagulation without gas and investigated the basic formation process of planetesimals. In this paper, we adopted the accretion mode"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tMF30KduBDcpaHUonBrRD2XRLuG7aBcQ3fnFHJ5KUGBHCPnHPXZw8LShZ88f1yiCdrvLRhWrfTl0bdpgtyv/Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:38:34.355207Z"},"content_sha256":"60f5c86df720abd74f3cd18b1763e67eaae7059c65b58699ea78b5b49ffe17a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60f5c86df720abd74f3cd18b1763e67eaae7059c65b58699ea78b5b49ffe17a0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T20:38:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:E4EFQNFLASAPLW4ZD52H7CTJRP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d27716158aaa24ad45c128526464de4e8bb2678ff350ea7dbe4e5daee38be6b9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"02005a584e091308f2eba6368d94d5b1f6cdaf0cbd542114d7feab96e4da52e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0908.3546","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0908.3546v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0908.3546","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4EFQNFLASAP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4EFQNFLASAPLW4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4EFQNFL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:60f5c86df720abd74f3cd18b1763e67eaae7059c65b58699ea78b5b49ffe17a0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The gravitational instability of a dust layer is one of the scenarios for planetesimal formation. If the density of a dust layer becomes sufficiently high as a result of the sedimentation of dust grains toward the midplane of a protoplanetary disk, the layer becomes gravitationally unstable and spontaneously fragments into planetesimals. Using a shearing box method, we performed local $N$-body simulations of gravitational instability of a dust layer and subsequent coagulation without gas and investigated the basic formation process of planetesimals. In this paper, we adopted the accretion mode","authors_text":"Eiichiro Kokubo, Shugo Michikoshi, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","title":"N-Body Simulation of Planetesimal Formation through Gravitational Instability and Coagulation. II. Accretion Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a146e16a607a8ef91003b86093cc4ef2701c3371473e5afe6bf69c912634358","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d27716158aaa24ad45c128526464de4e8bb2678ff350ea7dbe4e5daee38be6b9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-08-25T06:40:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"02005a584e091308f2eba6368d94d5b1f6cdaf0cbd542114d7feab96e4da52e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0908.3546","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"27085834ab0480f5db991f747f8a698bec9fe4667168fa3e29514a3c02045597","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"27085834ab0480f5db991f747f8a698bec9fe4667168fa3e29514a3c02045597","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.348387Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.348387Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PWKTasIEQhpfT86vlPJO2B7W/XyGFhSW8d9/sxpDcXFoHf7eBQDgDbey6Q8JpzxMO6LE9/5up3unx0VhNMCuAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:12:23.349164Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0908.3546","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a146e16a607a8ef91003b86093cc4ef2701c3371473e5afe6bf69c912634358","sha256:60f5c86df720abd74f3cd18b1763e67eaae7059c65b58699ea78b5b49ffe17a0"],"state_sha256":"12c701cbde95eddd65327155c770ef1e89fc3aa870d553044f872386afaafb75"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fx71SM2N7Made5gQCGOW7nX8eQTpR7JpYB26GZCSd5VWV/mOuScPwLMBC2nhbg3+E2WtVUYd69OaxycFfuUFAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:38:34.357469Z","bundle_sha256":"1597876e4e6af95d7ac9bdcc9338836a17798acbd8fd3634600c3f49bc113934"}}