{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G","short_pith_number":"pith:E4JLZQ5T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1d3ffde7809ac5e162d66ebfd67a2d9ed7bd69529ec3c465da8264431b6aa7c1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f9434456f91bf24848e501485575072de79b3d66efcf9145192c2c8773bc7788"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2712bcc3b31e7f234fa846d3f6b293f183953b7cf8885e1ba71e4d88ad8cbc57","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.06702","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.06702","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.06702v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.06702","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5TDZ7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5T","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1d3ffde7809ac5e162d66ebfd67a2d9ed7bd69529ec3c465da8264431b6aa7c1","abstract_canon_sha256":"f9434456f91bf24848e501485575072de79b3d66efcf9145192c2c8773bc7788"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2712bcc3b31e7f234fa846d3f6b293f183953b7cf8885e1ba71e4d88ad8cbc57","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.124297Z","signature_b64":"eJLKoqP1PhVIl3ud6o8oVD7Me8TZq0E6iAa3kRagvmrN2BmWOmN9hZf2vKozB8GvbAYDMfVL0BxDx8Kpu+v8Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2712bcc3b31e7f234fa846d3f6b293f183953b7cf8885e1ba71e4d88ad8cbc57","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.123858Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.123858Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.06702","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P8ZeWiSHy3Xl3QeZvOVhQRWC9pitV/03gqF3yhJRXKyi1+fWuLtTt+j5xqD5Oljc/N2EKihiCQcvV+/YFsIQAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:54:52.215233Z"},"content_sha256":"4adb916313ae3fdfddb7c3abca58909760b1464a5163858ef26d14dd9db14c8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4adb916313ae3fdfddb7c3abca58909760b1464a5163858ef26d14dd9db14c8e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Emergence of Cooperation and Commitment in Optional Prisoner's Dilemma","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"The Anh Han, Zhao Song","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Commitment is a well-established mechanism for fostering cooperation in human society and multi-agent systems. However, existing research has predominantly focused on the commitment that neglects the freedom of players to abstain from an interaction, limiting their applicability to many real-world scenarios where participation is often voluntary. In this paper, we present a two-stage game model to investigate the evolution of commitment-based behaviours and cooperation within the framework of the optional Prisoner's Dilemma game. In the pre-game stage, players decide whether to accept a mutual"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.06702/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YtQzKgRGmsj/9IvoQAuvIr8khiR+qh0zkwMd8UmOkPymrujiB+UDHYL2OT5FKHJHN+t3qSfFWY3NXMwfIhkqDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:54:52.215791Z"},"content_sha256":"b108fda57b857e64be940b57aa8cc9a7b6e5a8b825d54cd8c1ff798c7d5d3f2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b108fda57b857e64be940b57aa8cc9a7b6e5a8b825d54cd8c1ff798c7d5d3f2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T09:54:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5II3J7NMUT6G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9434456f91bf24848e501485575072de79b3d66efcf9145192c2c8773bc7788","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d3ffde7809ac5e162d66ebfd67a2d9ed7bd69529ec3c465da8264431b6aa7c1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.06702","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.06702v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.06702","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5TDZ7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5TDZ7SGT5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4JLZQ5T","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b108fda57b857e64be940b57aa8cc9a7b6e5a8b825d54cd8c1ff798c7d5d3f2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.06702/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Commitment is a well-established mechanism for fostering cooperation in human society and multi-agent systems. However, existing research has predominantly focused on the commitment that neglects the freedom of players to abstain from an interaction, limiting their applicability to many real-world scenarios where participation is often voluntary. In this paper, we present a two-stage game model to investigate the evolution of commitment-based behaviours and cooperation within the framework of the optional Prisoner's Dilemma game. In the pre-game stage, players decide whether to accept a mutual","authors_text":"The Anh Han, Zhao Song","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","title":"Emergence of Cooperation and Commitment in Optional Prisoner's Dilemma"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4adb916313ae3fdfddb7c3abca58909760b1464a5163858ef26d14dd9db14c8e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9434456f91bf24848e501485575072de79b3d66efcf9145192c2c8773bc7788","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2025-08-08T21:07:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d3ffde7809ac5e162d66ebfd67a2d9ed7bd69529ec3c465da8264431b6aa7c1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.06702","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2712bcc3b31e7f234fa846d3f6b293f183953b7cf8885e1ba71e4d88ad8cbc57","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2712bcc3b31e7f234fa846d3f6b293f183953b7cf8885e1ba71e4d88ad8cbc57","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.123858Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.123858Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eJLKoqP1PhVIl3ud6o8oVD7Me8TZq0E6iAa3kRagvmrN2BmWOmN9hZf2vKozB8GvbAYDMfVL0BxDx8Kpu+v8Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:05.124297Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.06702","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4adb916313ae3fdfddb7c3abca58909760b1464a5163858ef26d14dd9db14c8e","sha256:b108fda57b857e64be940b57aa8cc9a7b6e5a8b825d54cd8c1ff798c7d5d3f2b"],"state_sha256":"6cae9ff44163aede1c0ecf7f9356bb446ce3560ace7173c26fc68ba14542c9d2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5XArRG+HQwaZS1yrMYQzGM+kkYH7ugI41xIK+4qJ1fKNKGMJebVVyfxmO9fbq6e9CANmkL95ZLwVlrkwlDwDBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:54:52.219500Z","bundle_sha256":"49f45dbc0c3d9800940b581bc7a14c49fc8bce701ca44e0f5f1e1abdb43ff6fd"}}