{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:E4RPMMIK67KKT4S2OLC62D4JJD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9150fcbd5b2be9b9a5c42fd324eeed5d6713712f194d18a865ab346a9d7e7db","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2016-12-20T13:25:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"d095239e536f85f97bb81139a5ee5c68923432f0a7f5f4c727d8a5e2f9f4de5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.06649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.06649","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.06649v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.06649","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4RPMMIK67KK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4RPMMIK67KKT4S2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4RPMMIK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:979887834bcb28a966e19082a5e9e6ff02b598fa42bd50282d501b53021ad242","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we propose a novel directional modulation (DM) scheme based on random frequency diverse arrays with artificial noise (RFDA-DM-AN) to enhance physical layer security of wireless communications. Specifically, we first design the RFDA-DM-AN scheme by randomly allocating frequencies to transmit antennas, thereby achieving two-dimensionally (i.e., angle and range) secure transmissions, and outperforming the state-of-the-art one-dimensional (i.e., angle) phase array (PA) based DM scheme. Then we develop the closed-form expression of a lower bound on the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) ","authors_text":"Feng Shu, Jiangzhou Wang, Jinsong Hu, Jun Li, Shihao Yan, Yijin Zhang","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2016-12-20T13:25:01Z","title":"Artificial-Noise-Aided Secure Transmission with Directional Modulation based on Random Frequency Diverse Arrays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.06649","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5c8e94bb0887627635285b85149b3afd2d69162e3b8ef15998853794d77ceb4b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9150fcbd5b2be9b9a5c42fd324eeed5d6713712f194d18a865ab346a9d7e7db","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2016-12-20T13:25:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"d095239e536f85f97bb81139a5ee5c68923432f0a7f5f4c727d8a5e2f9f4de5c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1612.06649","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2722f6310af7d4a9f25a72c5ed0f8948c02535f07e88eb43b0d42f31b37b45dd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2722f6310af7d4a9f25a72c5ed0f8948c02535f07e88eb43b0d42f31b37b45dd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25.141692Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25.141692Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YwY9DweaT2TApjnpmmX0H0UD89am2aTyGRAM23sYHsmTdtE8K4WVhglXmjdxyoaO7lMJCN8jmU96iKYXMJUDAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:25.142443Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1612.06649","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5c8e94bb0887627635285b85149b3afd2d69162e3b8ef15998853794d77ceb4b","sha256:979887834bcb28a966e19082a5e9e6ff02b598fa42bd50282d501b53021ad242"],"state_sha256":"b830a69dd6cc1729cb39381f8089b36a77455eae8544c06e411d3de873a328db"}