{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX","short_pith_number":"pith:E4VRCXNO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8e34de219b14408137352c234ab97126168545c51e963f9e2684e1e7553e97e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"467adede09fc07bb1e0a1f504857b22e80a9b0a8def1e011fe01a263bd35ad38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"272b115daeaeee143c04bfd720bf4355ee57cbdb69e81fae28e15a7c87228942","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0803.0272","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0803.0272","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0803.0272v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0803.0272","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4VRCXNOV3XB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4VRCXNO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8e34de219b14408137352c234ab97126168545c51e963f9e2684e1e7553e97e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"467adede09fc07bb1e0a1f504857b22e80a9b0a8def1e011fe01a263bd35ad38"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"272b115daeaeee143c04bfd720bf4355ee57cbdb69e81fae28e15a7c87228942","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.561494Z","signature_b64":"z4jGHeNiGHud7hwnSvNtvsRgdXida8B7Pj4ozUjnIItHvHSJ6PfXyNKyy0y5oA5fwpRlmAyBZWrG/CWPWB1IAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"272b115daeaeee143c04bfd720bf4355ee57cbdb69e81fae28e15a7c87228942","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.560658Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.560658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0803.0272","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"piuig/k9K5QM2tLkGx6oi42BUe1rzzcF7OsCwhAVUcZ3FsK5j8s19hL7yTkD9JDXmmlEl3WOuSBrgl1IWvr/Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T17:39:36.596584Z"},"content_sha256":"c72ede47cfb628dc4c502d0fe38079a43d13a1daee01cdd1e878c4a9b78dbace","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c72ede47cfb628dc4c502d0fe38079a43d13a1daee01cdd1e878c4a9b78dbace"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"High threshold universal quantum computation on the surface code","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Ashley M. Stephens, Austin G. Fowler, Peter Groszkowski","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a comprehensive and self-contained simplified review of the quantum computing scheme of Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190504 (2007), which features a 2-D nearest neighbor coupled lattice of qubits, a threshold error rate approaching 1%, natural asymmetric and adjustable strength error correction and low overhead arbitrarily long-range logical gates. These features make it by far the best and most practical quantum computing scheme devised to date. We restrict the discussion to direct manipulation of the surface code using the stabilizer formalism, both of which we also briefly review, to mak"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JpO9HfO9crC39R1L3jmEGUle/3CqAQtFc8T3E0r+fx5mePb05JY+1Od2M0APM7jcWCDLVp9IhdsWjNA4KcIBBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T17:39:36.597190Z"},"content_sha256":"7f0fc5506b42a837dbd314a511cadb62b0e16bbfa895abf6096b7dea590dcad6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f0fc5506b42a837dbd314a511cadb62b0e16bbfa895abf6096b7dea590dcad6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T17:39:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAEX7LSBP2DKX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"467adede09fc07bb1e0a1f504857b22e80a9b0a8def1e011fe01a263bd35ad38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e34de219b14408137352c234ab97126168545c51e963f9e2684e1e7553e97e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0803.0272","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0803.0272v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0803.0272","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4VRCXNOV3XB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4VRCXNOV3XBIPAE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4VRCXNO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7f0fc5506b42a837dbd314a511cadb62b0e16bbfa895abf6096b7dea590dcad6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a comprehensive and self-contained simplified review of the quantum computing scheme of Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 190504 (2007), which features a 2-D nearest neighbor coupled lattice of qubits, a threshold error rate approaching 1%, natural asymmetric and adjustable strength error correction and low overhead arbitrarily long-range logical gates. These features make it by far the best and most practical quantum computing scheme devised to date. We restrict the discussion to direct manipulation of the surface code using the stabilizer formalism, both of which we also briefly review, to mak","authors_text":"Ashley M. Stephens, Austin G. Fowler, Peter Groszkowski","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","title":"High threshold universal quantum computation on the surface code"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c72ede47cfb628dc4c502d0fe38079a43d13a1daee01cdd1e878c4a9b78dbace","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"467adede09fc07bb1e0a1f504857b22e80a9b0a8def1e011fe01a263bd35ad38","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2008-03-03T16:01:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e34de219b14408137352c234ab97126168545c51e963f9e2684e1e7553e97e1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0803.0272","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"272b115daeaeee143c04bfd720bf4355ee57cbdb69e81fae28e15a7c87228942","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"272b115daeaeee143c04bfd720bf4355ee57cbdb69e81fae28e15a7c87228942","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.560658Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.560658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"z4jGHeNiGHud7hwnSvNtvsRgdXida8B7Pj4ozUjnIItHvHSJ6PfXyNKyy0y5oA5fwpRlmAyBZWrG/CWPWB1IAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:24:57.561494Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0803.0272","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c72ede47cfb628dc4c502d0fe38079a43d13a1daee01cdd1e878c4a9b78dbace","sha256:7f0fc5506b42a837dbd314a511cadb62b0e16bbfa895abf6096b7dea590dcad6"],"state_sha256":"f1a4edccfea62ff212fef755cc2a1ae9256dd4789fd9f9b5a84e8e6519439d05"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uzwJGNalNQpfWmvmlIgLLiyRBe9MVFhDOapLlp3xe9zPn/b47klCFYBQ/n7IlpvzPfRf11F6emDRwbF20kO9AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T17:39:36.599488Z","bundle_sha256":"ce947b76bd7fdb20a88ab5091f792999e30b0dfdd93d2359028350e306eb9ed4"}}