{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD","short_pith_number":"pith:E5RXRYKL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"195b8dba370b57233b95094df83a7c322a3ef35e029d04d62497a7f99eff5077","abstract_canon_sha256":"09eb8ce474e1a96a66030d19cefa7e9aaa798720a650597945768e6b327e95a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"276378e14be6273ad9522ed0f1c40b88fbce51a1c0f97faa2bd48befea9a4fe2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.07534","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.07534","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.07534v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.07534","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL4YTT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKS","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"195b8dba370b57233b95094df83a7c322a3ef35e029d04d62497a7f99eff5077","abstract_canon_sha256":"09eb8ce474e1a96a66030d19cefa7e9aaa798720a650597945768e6b327e95a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"276378e14be6273ad9522ed0f1c40b88fbce51a1c0f97faa2bd48befea9a4fe2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906671Z","signature_b64":"4iUCvayvp7TqkHnY0jkYVDEt6QXz51DJUxCTmPE3CCfSbvvBVeM2PVAiygcDLjqkaF9lxJGx/QRI6Cv6ipTvCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"276378e14be6273ad9522ed0f1c40b88fbce51a1c0f97faa2bd48befea9a4fe2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906324Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906324Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.07534","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yjgqsQthowVMkQbyLY6iTXEASgEyHkqcxZl7wt8n3vzxsrMwwXx20vDMHkrFwKSCVvLlQdRyS/DC7vgEtBFvAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:58:29.415923Z"},"content_sha256":"0343723cec21f259a7335d4b9c7d330c4ca450ed65b16017d53847094654ea0b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0343723cec21f259a7335d4b9c7d330c4ca450ed65b16017d53847094654ea0b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constructing a virtual two-qubit gate by sampling single-qubit operations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Keisuke Fujii, Kosuke Mitarai","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show a certain kind of non-local operations can be simulated by sampling a set of local operations with a quasi-probability distribution when the task of a quantum circuit is to evaluate an expectation value of observables. Utilizing the result, we describe a strategy to decompose a two-qubit gate to a sequence of single-qubit operations. Required operations are projective measurement of a qubit in Pauli basis, and $\\pi/2$ rotation around x, y, and z axes. The required number of sampling to get an expectation value of a target observable within an error of $\\epsilon$ is roughly $O(9^k/\\epsi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.07534/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DG/kZ0ej+YkNXfNJME4J6TX53Thu8VzkhqL8agvkiGvk7xPSVxEnKupVym1r4EWLcG62q4S84hC5OgIbQ9STBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:58:29.416425Z"},"content_sha256":"f2ff96caa018283d0b536086c51fb98abeab1d302892257491967163bd2f98b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2ff96caa018283d0b536086c51fb98abeab1d302892257491967163bd2f98b0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T03:58:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKSF3IPDRALRD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09eb8ce474e1a96a66030d19cefa7e9aaa798720a650597945768e6b327e95a5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"195b8dba370b57233b95094df83a7c322a3ef35e029d04d62497a7f99eff5077"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.07534","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.07534v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.07534","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL4YTT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL4YTTVWKS","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E5RXRYKL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f2ff96caa018283d0b536086c51fb98abeab1d302892257491967163bd2f98b0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.07534/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show a certain kind of non-local operations can be simulated by sampling a set of local operations with a quasi-probability distribution when the task of a quantum circuit is to evaluate an expectation value of observables. Utilizing the result, we describe a strategy to decompose a two-qubit gate to a sequence of single-qubit operations. Required operations are projective measurement of a qubit in Pauli basis, and $\\pi/2$ rotation around x, y, and z axes. The required number of sampling to get an expectation value of a target observable within an error of $\\epsilon$ is roughly $O(9^k/\\epsi","authors_text":"Keisuke Fujii, Kosuke Mitarai","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","title":"Constructing a virtual two-qubit gate by sampling single-qubit operations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0343723cec21f259a7335d4b9c7d330c4ca450ed65b16017d53847094654ea0b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09eb8ce474e1a96a66030d19cefa7e9aaa798720a650597945768e6b327e95a5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T00:41:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"195b8dba370b57233b95094df83a7c322a3ef35e029d04d62497a7f99eff5077"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.07534","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"276378e14be6273ad9522ed0f1c40b88fbce51a1c0f97faa2bd48befea9a4fe2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"276378e14be6273ad9522ed0f1c40b88fbce51a1c0f97faa2bd48befea9a4fe2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906324Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906324Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4iUCvayvp7TqkHnY0jkYVDEt6QXz51DJUxCTmPE3CCfSbvvBVeM2PVAiygcDLjqkaF9lxJGx/QRI6Cv6ipTvCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:03:42.906671Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.07534","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0343723cec21f259a7335d4b9c7d330c4ca450ed65b16017d53847094654ea0b","sha256:f2ff96caa018283d0b536086c51fb98abeab1d302892257491967163bd2f98b0"],"state_sha256":"adadd757cebbe2d16365d46485a9f0b7f719018ab2516e1e4bbcef8353ef6402"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8WU0mNY5/eHuLatLwIO1FR70vr2WMcXeu/RzmqEjPiKXJ2SakKJ8LeVaie1FbR8K/6mMxwlkwV/6BSOtGFJEBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:58:29.421057Z","bundle_sha256":"43fcc3e888978bc7b8debea9db43576d635e5acfc192b630ae8c179d494c848d"}}