{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525","short_pith_number":"pith:E6UIPIDK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"339e6e56c89952857a20ad482df48c9be6b757a0cf324185d1c08555dcbeadd3","abstract_canon_sha256":"e94e487ee07b422a10297480e3aaee688df665bb71a0e83716aafd1d61841733"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27a887a06a9a21903f669cf74b6fbdd754d24c320a6b0939871d745bd994716d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.13622","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.13622","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.13622v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.13622","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E6UIPIDKTIQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E6UIPIDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"339e6e56c89952857a20ad482df48c9be6b757a0cf324185d1c08555dcbeadd3","abstract_canon_sha256":"e94e487ee07b422a10297480e3aaee688df665bb71a0e83716aafd1d61841733"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27a887a06a9a21903f669cf74b6fbdd754d24c320a6b0939871d745bd994716d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.506283Z","signature_b64":"dvq7F1Iiq4Q7lUZtC5Q2uBx6ru1jpjJPz5OVhPlHl3CXGNElg0LtTwF8FTswsiBxZS+R2tyYYdzA9QWGJ45dCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"27a887a06a9a21903f669cf74b6fbdd754d24c320a6b0939871d745bd994716d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.505823Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.505823Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.13622","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M3K7YFSmyE9WNTF6kHF/DXFBfEx18RLNpP+UJPf+96sjDyqA+6/YplU8RvtIQD73Omr+wiRqA5Lr2r8rfyiQCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:00:39.507882Z"},"content_sha256":"1018da5a58c05d17f7f66671a6ced807fabf2a7a0c0257b0bb48fb94bc48e2b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1018da5a58c05d17f7f66671a6ced807fabf2a7a0c0257b0bb48fb94bc48e2b4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"REFIND at SemEval-2025 Task 3: Retrieval-Augmented Factuality Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"DongGeon Lee, HwanJo Yu","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs severely limit their reliability in knowledge-intensive tasks such as question answering. To address this challenge, we introduce REFIND (Retrieval-augmented Factuality hallucINation Detection), a novel framework that detects hallucinated spans within LLM outputs by directly leveraging retrieved documents. As part of the REFIND, we propose the Context Sensitivity Ratio (CSR), a novel metric that quantifies the sensitivity of LLM outputs to retrieved evidence. This innovative approach enables REFIND to efficiently and accurately detect halluc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.13622/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5wQiGo4ursp6VGyjRUKp/4XqJJBVy/Omu9bTXLX7f6Vs1WtxrYfpotpsCko+fgb9rM/3//niYOyCTC1CnEzlAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:00:39.508489Z"},"content_sha256":"49236da7ebe93a1824a903efda99c082b88ea03421b9e55811ed9b11c31e52cd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:49236da7ebe93a1824a903efda99c082b88ea03421b9e55811ed9b11c31e52cd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T16:00:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3GTT3UW35525","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e94e487ee07b422a10297480e3aaee688df665bb71a0e83716aafd1d61841733","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"339e6e56c89952857a20ad482df48c9be6b757a0cf324185d1c08555dcbeadd3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.13622","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.13622v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.13622","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E6UIPIDKTIQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E6UIPIDKTIQZAP3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E6UIPIDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:49236da7ebe93a1824a903efda99c082b88ea03421b9e55811ed9b11c31e52cd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.13622/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs severely limit their reliability in knowledge-intensive tasks such as question answering. To address this challenge, we introduce REFIND (Retrieval-augmented Factuality hallucINation Detection), a novel framework that detects hallucinated spans within LLM outputs by directly leveraging retrieved documents. As part of the REFIND, we propose the Context Sensitivity Ratio (CSR), a novel metric that quantifies the sensitivity of LLM outputs to retrieved evidence. This innovative approach enables REFIND to efficiently and accurately detect halluc","authors_text":"DongGeon Lee, HwanJo Yu","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","title":"REFIND at SemEval-2025 Task 3: Retrieval-Augmented Factuality Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1018da5a58c05d17f7f66671a6ced807fabf2a7a0c0257b0bb48fb94bc48e2b4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e94e487ee07b422a10297480e3aaee688df665bb71a0e83716aafd1d61841733","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T10:59:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"339e6e56c89952857a20ad482df48c9be6b757a0cf324185d1c08555dcbeadd3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.13622","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"27a887a06a9a21903f669cf74b6fbdd754d24c320a6b0939871d745bd994716d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"27a887a06a9a21903f669cf74b6fbdd754d24c320a6b0939871d745bd994716d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.505823Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.505823Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dvq7F1Iiq4Q7lUZtC5Q2uBx6ru1jpjJPz5OVhPlHl3CXGNElg0LtTwF8FTswsiBxZS+R2tyYYdzA9QWGJ45dCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:46:00.506283Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.13622","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1018da5a58c05d17f7f66671a6ced807fabf2a7a0c0257b0bb48fb94bc48e2b4","sha256:49236da7ebe93a1824a903efda99c082b88ea03421b9e55811ed9b11c31e52cd"],"state_sha256":"5dc034bbc327e3703d3ab905fbc6f8c9a67f337026597f8fe729545c45dca77d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8B2b+9Yb5N28qg00cYuaMRSicYh9xQnvHe7PeKCGDpvWMTTS/FIq7XpdupeaukBxV5vHwXhqdpzLQoVmXUz+Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T16:00:39.528925Z","bundle_sha256":"abe944ae735e99cff4f8ff170ccaa7f87741b27bfd81e4324615a4c3b793cb2f"}}