{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG","short_pith_number":"pith:E7RIYJ4P","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"11a452515425c5b2da3d9466181cbc248cc8b6bf7f0ac90598d6d5ba6456edbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"e826f1a4ea5f09725988353c75fb578012b24792441c216b903eb128801b9d09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27e28c278fa31cf23fd66805e8302599a273bf2aee166cd21f6b61a5a87c7820","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.01157","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.01157","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.01157v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01157","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4PUMOP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6W","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4P","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"11a452515425c5b2da3d9466181cbc248cc8b6bf7f0ac90598d6d5ba6456edbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"e826f1a4ea5f09725988353c75fb578012b24792441c216b903eb128801b9d09"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"27e28c278fa31cf23fd66805e8302599a273bf2aee166cd21f6b61a5a87c7820","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.439068Z","signature_b64":"6F8sg7iDD71p3jL3yH0mf29co+EnKx+cHi5FD3hHCJ88RzDmYkA2fvx0ieufVWjpGWn4+SrC5KS/lYYMN32NBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"27e28c278fa31cf23fd66805e8302599a273bf2aee166cd21f6b61a5a87c7820","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.438708Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.438708Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.01157","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dBnbhuJdd+aVxfA0Vg9h4pQeb44F0Fqrm6byQ7b8uhqYfJAs6YI+EftQOwh9cKWzpynwib6hI4QbsdkB7qdvCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:07:06.009861Z"},"content_sha256":"9b31750ca1e987c4c9d7ad11d531c5ab8126c029065bb7f6228aa44b4c0e961a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b31750ca1e987c4c9d7ad11d531c5ab8126c029065bb7f6228aa44b4c0e961a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Identification Methods With Arbitrary Interventional Distributions as Inputs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Ilya Shpitser, Jaron J. R. Lee","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Causal inference quantifies cause-effect relationships by estimating counterfactual parameters from data. This entails using \\emph{identification theory} to establish a link between counterfactual parameters of interest and distributions from which data is available. A line of work characterized non-parametric identification for a wide variety of causal parameters in terms of the \\emph{observed data distribution}. More recently, identification results have been extended to settings where experimental data from interventional distributions is also available. In this paper, we use Single World I"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.01157/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A9lKqzsi2LKq+49JSHY0YzQ38EVgSVqZPu+uPN47rDINLw9cgVAZfZb/cDOpKyiRFEUcfYRklj5WIRgHK1dNDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:07:06.010365Z"},"content_sha256":"281e18fd46de99d1befc4be00332a7125233af141237f26950e875e35f99da34","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:281e18fd46de99d1befc4be00332a7125233af141237f26950e875e35f99da34"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T11:07:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6WNAC6QMBFTG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e826f1a4ea5f09725988353c75fb578012b24792441c216b903eb128801b9d09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"11a452515425c5b2da3d9466181cbc248cc8b6bf7f0ac90598d6d5ba6456edbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.01157","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.01157v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01157","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4PUMOP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4PUMOPEP6W","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E7RIYJ4P","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:281e18fd46de99d1befc4be00332a7125233af141237f26950e875e35f99da34","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.01157/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Causal inference quantifies cause-effect relationships by estimating counterfactual parameters from data. This entails using \\emph{identification theory} to establish a link between counterfactual parameters of interest and distributions from which data is available. A line of work characterized non-parametric identification for a wide variety of causal parameters in terms of the \\emph{observed data distribution}. More recently, identification results have been extended to settings where experimental data from interventional distributions is also available. In this paper, we use Single World I","authors_text":"Ilya Shpitser, Jaron J. R. Lee","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","title":"Identification Methods With Arbitrary Interventional Distributions as Inputs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9b31750ca1e987c4c9d7ad11d531c5ab8126c029065bb7f6228aa44b4c0e961a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e826f1a4ea5f09725988353c75fb578012b24792441c216b903eb128801b9d09","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T17:27:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"11a452515425c5b2da3d9466181cbc248cc8b6bf7f0ac90598d6d5ba6456edbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.01157","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"27e28c278fa31cf23fd66805e8302599a273bf2aee166cd21f6b61a5a87c7820","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"27e28c278fa31cf23fd66805e8302599a273bf2aee166cd21f6b61a5a87c7820","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.438708Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.438708Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6F8sg7iDD71p3jL3yH0mf29co+EnKx+cHi5FD3hHCJ88RzDmYkA2fvx0ieufVWjpGWn4+SrC5KS/lYYMN32NBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:55:31.439068Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.01157","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9b31750ca1e987c4c9d7ad11d531c5ab8126c029065bb7f6228aa44b4c0e961a","sha256:281e18fd46de99d1befc4be00332a7125233af141237f26950e875e35f99da34"],"state_sha256":"5ce7b391d194a54bff5c98c15bcfa9bc3076e39aeb4c1336a2579d729c7d7f8a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j7Us4NdecDNEJ36kTLmACXYX+zZFLpOBNjeKlMXqmQzF88nwDRSylWBqf4Vb0wieuTgJORJPAN4hTDXFq2ykDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:07:06.015777Z","bundle_sha256":"fa261b000988126399d62f7b20a4d06af82292b68fad682212687d397789d12f"}}