{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH","short_pith_number":"pith:EA6ZA32O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"226a7a9440e6c24fedf90b90905c085a496989cb7232c1bba54ba004519a121b","abstract_canon_sha256":"8797348ce3567bdc666a4fc4852576fe72cd8ce96aa4ef2bcede86addb758d3c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"203d906f4ef84b9fcc68214de4380229cfa01b7a06664dcc7e11eadda28cba02","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2603.15192","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.15192","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.15192v2","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.15192","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O7BFZ","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDI","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"226a7a9440e6c24fedf90b90905c085a496989cb7232c1bba54ba004519a121b","abstract_canon_sha256":"8797348ce3567bdc666a4fc4852576fe72cd8ce96aa4ef2bcede86addb758d3c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"203d906f4ef84b9fcc68214de4380229cfa01b7a06664dcc7e11eadda28cba02","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.050355Z","signature_b64":"d2NPkJshV5emjsRsOOAxxbt2IRBIAumeyTPj1fIoJZxprUjQPMtSNCDGe4rdlAaLRFcB1fyGUoTS5IwRxYlUCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"203d906f4ef84b9fcc68214de4380229cfa01b7a06664dcc7e11eadda28cba02","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.049491Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.049491Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2603.15192","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TxN/N0d2ER1IM16Mk6NpehHEqwKxLow07L4lysp9oSHHlo3bYRvp1C7hGdj9a9av0blMDCd/sGZFB//7tJ0WDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:31:00.052694Z"},"content_sha256":"c51bc0d26abe675afeb3f368a7a04c997919c83e88a9194bcf1bf1d81cec4fbe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c51bc0d26abe675afeb3f368a7a04c997919c83e88a9194bcf1bf1d81cec4fbe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Benchmarking Formula 1 results using a normal model","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"John Fry, Mark Austin, Silvio Fanzon, Tom Brighton","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"There is enduring interest in disentangling the effects of skill and luck in sport. A key issue in Formula 1 is distinguishing between car-level and driver-level effects. Four elite teams currently dominate Formula 1 and have won every major race for the last four years. In this paper we use univariate and bivariate normal models to quantify reasonable performance expectations at both driver and team levels, distinguishing between elite and non-elite teams. We illustrate our approach with an application to the last fully completed 2025 season."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2603.15192/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"24d8+3rLKrlKWiRZyWAIkPohk+ihObcfJkRO0wUr/nMKBJQyeXslczG57+TvWPybKlSKZHciX73SGpm5Rn87CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:31:00.053070Z"},"content_sha256":"b76511067b1a67a9901e9e5b27f1d7e3a53eba46932c000b9df1d6284e62de61","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b76511067b1a67a9901e9e5b27f1d7e3a53eba46932c000b9df1d6284e62de61"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T08:31:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDIEFG6IOACFH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8797348ce3567bdc666a4fc4852576fe72cd8ce96aa4ef2bcede86addb758d3c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"226a7a9440e6c24fedf90b90905c085a496989cb7232c1bba54ba004519a121b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.15192","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.15192v2","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.15192","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O7BFZ","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O7BFZ7TDI","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EA6ZA32O","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b76511067b1a67a9901e9e5b27f1d7e3a53eba46932c000b9df1d6284e62de61","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2603.15192/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There is enduring interest in disentangling the effects of skill and luck in sport. A key issue in Formula 1 is distinguishing between car-level and driver-level effects. Four elite teams currently dominate Formula 1 and have won every major race for the last four years. In this paper we use univariate and bivariate normal models to quantify reasonable performance expectations at both driver and team levels, distinguishing between elite and non-elite teams. We illustrate our approach with an application to the last fully completed 2025 season.","authors_text":"John Fry, Mark Austin, Silvio Fanzon, Tom Brighton","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","title":"Benchmarking Formula 1 results using a normal model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c51bc0d26abe675afeb3f368a7a04c997919c83e88a9194bcf1bf1d81cec4fbe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8797348ce3567bdc666a4fc4852576fe72cd8ce96aa4ef2bcede86addb758d3c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2026-03-16T12:27:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"226a7a9440e6c24fedf90b90905c085a496989cb7232c1bba54ba004519a121b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.15192","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"203d906f4ef84b9fcc68214de4380229cfa01b7a06664dcc7e11eadda28cba02","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"203d906f4ef84b9fcc68214de4380229cfa01b7a06664dcc7e11eadda28cba02","first_computed_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.049491Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.049491Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d2NPkJshV5emjsRsOOAxxbt2IRBIAumeyTPj1fIoJZxprUjQPMtSNCDGe4rdlAaLRFcB1fyGUoTS5IwRxYlUCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-29T02:05:43.050355Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2603.15192","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c51bc0d26abe675afeb3f368a7a04c997919c83e88a9194bcf1bf1d81cec4fbe","sha256:b76511067b1a67a9901e9e5b27f1d7e3a53eba46932c000b9df1d6284e62de61"],"state_sha256":"86a89ebdd59084efd6d83ee19a3c6c66c28e0b114b438810dc2e93c8f1f1e3af"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yTt00/kLKbfMzZtzvBaboKueT5hs/6JS19PBQR8tKEr3Dtc1Rkly2BWp3QyaNYc5mrKW9lAkfzOHut7nKzLQAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:31:00.055052Z","bundle_sha256":"fdda46248d0fb83c669eeeef21dc31ee1ffb07be123cb29a86974786ae385f87"}}