{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW","short_pith_number":"pith:EAMYSEJW","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"201989113693d0547c4c20f8bcfa92bdb1fd2c5f57a98b6e1a3c6d185d3b406d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.02240","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Hypergames and Cyber-Physical Security for Control Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SY","authors_text":"Arnab Bhattacharya, Craig Bakker, Draguna L. Vrabie, Samrat Chatterjee","submitted_at":"2018-09-06T22:27:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"The identification of the Stuxnet worm in 2010 provided a highly publicized example of a cyber attack used to damage an industrial control system physically. This raised public awareness about the possibility of similar attacks against other industrial targets -- including critical infrastructure. In this paper, we use hypergames to analyze how adversarial perturbations, like those used by Stuxnet, can be used to manipulate a system that employs optimal control. Hypergames form an extension of game theory that enables us to model strategic interactions where the players may have significantly "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2018-09-06T22:27:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d8a5cf53bf6230a71aa5f0138d19eb038199d3a518cef4fa0607ec78aa34ab7c","abstract_canon_sha256":"b8c4c11a0c9601fc8405fcece76a29eab5e59df4c9ebc253a37376421f6c8e51"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403510Z","signature_b64":"FR7hZos00MmTnZdktiTmsHKxEeB+Bj/qQnaiZFlDxevAedEue3O2xaqFHUyKNKMLg86ZoK5zZbl5naD7S4w5Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"201989113693d0547c4c20f8bcfa92bdb1fd2c5f57a98b6e1a3c6d185d3b406d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.402905Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.402905Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hypergames and Cyber-Physical Security for Control Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SY","authors_text":"Arnab Bhattacharya, Craig Bakker, Draguna L. Vrabie, Samrat Chatterjee","submitted_at":"2018-09-06T22:27:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"The identification of the Stuxnet worm in 2010 provided a highly publicized example of a cyber attack used to damage an industrial control system physically. This raised public awareness about the possibility of similar attacks against other industrial targets -- including critical infrastructure. In this paper, we use hypergames to analyze how adversarial perturbations, like those used by Stuxnet, can be used to manipulate a system that employs optimal control. Hypergames form an extension of game theory that enables us to model strategic interactions where the players may have significantly "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.02240","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.02240","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403000+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.02240v4","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403000+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.02240","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403000+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EAMYSEJWSPIF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22.470017+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22.470017+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EAMYSEJW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22.470017+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EAMYSEJW"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EAMYSEJW","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1809.02240&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/EAMYSEJWSPIFI7CMED4LZ6USXW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403000+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:22.403000+00:00"}