{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4","short_pith_number":"pith:EAWZJDJG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be68c3b146324f0835b0b37df81475f9a4b6857d7da388ab22f3b33a8c8e4c1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"de82452ea1b8c0b1778f546087c35087e546d1e3a00361a610caf8810d1a5527"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"202d948d26741c9b0751e6314a2a981f2b116e703e3dde4ed2dbd82bba171e41","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.15068","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.15068","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.15068v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.15068","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EAWZJDJGOQOJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EAWZJDJG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be68c3b146324f0835b0b37df81475f9a4b6857d7da388ab22f3b33a8c8e4c1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"de82452ea1b8c0b1778f546087c35087e546d1e3a00361a610caf8810d1a5527"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"202d948d26741c9b0751e6314a2a981f2b116e703e3dde4ed2dbd82bba171e41","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977973Z","signature_b64":"HThmSPoOBzUotMLPMr4ZrwQuZIfO++tfB9CKBpYVgP63tjFYCUybx7J4ZShyKoJyPiknWZdN77ztb9fYeX+QBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"202d948d26741c9b0751e6314a2a981f2b116e703e3dde4ed2dbd82bba171e41","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977538Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.15068","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ayfaP2PRLcc9wN2Vf1Cp4hi7NSbrvhOhcfPLTzhB6b1uMudrUIoy1HW6QATPEZZmmacYui2H2+fUqX2sIDYsAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:24:54.573161Z"},"content_sha256":"f71238076e394a5b9732a874ca5485772708f243a25835e59c93c4ca6ae35106","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f71238076e394a5b9732a874ca5485772708f243a25835e59c93c4ca6ae35106"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Locating the Leading Edge of Cultural Change","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Becca Cohen, Jaihyun Park, Jana Perkins, Jiayu Liu, Lucian Li, Sarah Griebel, Ted Underwood","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Measures of textual similarity and divergence are increasingly used to study cultural change. But which measures align, in practice, with social evidence about change? We apply three different representations of text (topic models, document embeddings, and word-level perplexity) to three different corpora (literary studies, economics, and fiction). In every case, works by highly-cited authors and younger authors are textually ahead of the curve. We don't find clear evidence that one representation of text is to be preferred over the others. But alignment with social evidence is strongest when "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.15068/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yElXF2eTuyxcPSbqY70Ksx/G+ZOcZZ6oe1DIaI/mWzX3iwlFkXbPZAoYj4KiCuqK4INry2Wu0lmX48tePA3uAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:24:54.573686Z"},"content_sha256":"20220fad950eaff0f3f01793d6472d7c2cc8f049f88eaa369997c944ebc008e2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:20220fad950eaff0f3f01793d6472d7c2cc8f049f88eaa369997c944ebc008e2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T17:24:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R4YYUUKUYD4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de82452ea1b8c0b1778f546087c35087e546d1e3a00361a610caf8810d1a5527","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"be68c3b146324f0835b0b37df81475f9a4b6857d7da388ab22f3b33a8c8e4c1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.15068","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.15068v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.15068","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EAWZJDJGOQOJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EAWZJDJGOQOJWB2R","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EAWZJDJG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:20220fad950eaff0f3f01793d6472d7c2cc8f049f88eaa369997c944ebc008e2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.15068/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Measures of textual similarity and divergence are increasingly used to study cultural change. But which measures align, in practice, with social evidence about change? We apply three different representations of text (topic models, document embeddings, and word-level perplexity) to three different corpora (literary studies, economics, and fiction). In every case, works by highly-cited authors and younger authors are textually ahead of the curve. We don't find clear evidence that one representation of text is to be preferred over the others. But alignment with social evidence is strongest when ","authors_text":"Becca Cohen, Jaihyun Park, Jana Perkins, Jiayu Liu, Lucian Li, Sarah Griebel, Ted Underwood","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","title":"Locating the Leading Edge of Cultural Change"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f71238076e394a5b9732a874ca5485772708f243a25835e59c93c4ca6ae35106","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"de82452ea1b8c0b1778f546087c35087e546d1e3a00361a610caf8810d1a5527","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T16:56:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"be68c3b146324f0835b0b37df81475f9a4b6857d7da388ab22f3b33a8c8e4c1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.15068","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"202d948d26741c9b0751e6314a2a981f2b116e703e3dde4ed2dbd82bba171e41","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"202d948d26741c9b0751e6314a2a981f2b116e703e3dde4ed2dbd82bba171e41","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977538Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HThmSPoOBzUotMLPMr4ZrwQuZIfO++tfB9CKBpYVgP63tjFYCUybx7J4ZShyKoJyPiknWZdN77ztb9fYeX+QBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:15.977973Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.15068","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f71238076e394a5b9732a874ca5485772708f243a25835e59c93c4ca6ae35106","sha256:20220fad950eaff0f3f01793d6472d7c2cc8f049f88eaa369997c944ebc008e2"],"state_sha256":"5b06506b9786ff96ff0175777822c9365b149ad99463dc91e84b44b07b37ab61"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fJEsyQjIEMfvRBG0o8j6SFiW79w81AkHGIi2xmHEvsdpqZoIoIb+T6iRYXFOs0lstge9WdIx05MqjhRNfLeiAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:24:54.577172Z","bundle_sha256":"37a9adee4dbcb4bef791f2afa43f9d2599ece9fcf064fcc97623a4ccb59e4244"}}