{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL","short_pith_number":"pith:ECOGLSKL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6894913e08d0123c25d708240db78952f2f3c0d9f8b70539b980a34eab57a123","abstract_canon_sha256":"ec46c2775f56fd944698cff2768426889f67055edb19463f1a0b59f9ddd026fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"209c65c94be773fd8c1637a9d7644842d964b659517e8ee861ab1c89ee8f0a0b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.01007","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.01007","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.01007v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.01007","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL45Z7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL45Z73DAW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6894913e08d0123c25d708240db78952f2f3c0d9f8b70539b980a34eab57a123","abstract_canon_sha256":"ec46c2775f56fd944698cff2768426889f67055edb19463f1a0b59f9ddd026fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"209c65c94be773fd8c1637a9d7644842d964b659517e8ee861ab1c89ee8f0a0b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322757Z","signature_b64":"zFAaxv8gFNxk4hrabQhHjjGt6Vl9g5nAik0r0UtbAkyrVYL9t/DNooCR+ygTAjmTlH63GSQvl58Iot9zFlfGDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"209c65c94be773fd8c1637a9d7644842d964b659517e8ee861ab1c89ee8f0a0b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322165Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322165Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.01007","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EuISt5J+s2DLQyQz8JwgVYJHtNgcUsFgxo+cV8gJnX0FuE+lH9phAYuOCrnDLJnb138pmzsfnHAaFRGwvi4DDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T00:16:34.405856Z"},"content_sha256":"71115ce4b19b1ffb015a20ba8d8cc9cc8a6fbfe31d64d45c0f43aa589d7e8314","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71115ce4b19b1ffb015a20ba8d8cc9cc8a6fbfe31d64d45c0f43aa589d7e8314"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sowing black hole seeds: Direct collapse black hole formation with realistic Lyman-Werner radiation in cosmological simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Charlotte Christensen, Glenna Dunn, Jillian Bellovary, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, Thomas Quinn","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the birth of supermassive black holes from the direct collapse process and characterize the sites where these black hole seeds form. In the pre-reionization epoch, molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) is an efficient coolant, causing gas to fragment and form Population III stars, but Lyman-Werner radiation can suppress H$_2$ formation and allow gas to collapse directly into a massive black hole. The critical flux required to inhibit H$_2$ formation, $J_{\\rm crit}$, is hotly debated, largely due to the uncertainties in the source radiation spectrum, H$_2$ self-shielding, and collisional dissocia"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6zfVal9aPHsUFL/X9o6kdZlf9eKK1cQzLsz4B4ZwDgMyXwhXZRkeNEkU4KARn2b3ybcQM6G92oCcFxLrpKr/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T00:16:34.406210Z"},"content_sha256":"254f0019ac199e4e80908e41600cb6925e1e74624b63fcc33aa7482472a3aef6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:254f0019ac199e4e80908e41600cb6925e1e74624b63fcc33aa7482472a3aef6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T00:16:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:ECOGLSKL45Z73DAWG6U5OZCIIL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ec46c2775f56fd944698cff2768426889f67055edb19463f1a0b59f9ddd026fe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6894913e08d0123c25d708240db78952f2f3c0d9f8b70539b980a34eab57a123"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.01007","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.01007v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.01007","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL45Z7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL45Z73DAW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ECOGLSKL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:254f0019ac199e4e80908e41600cb6925e1e74624b63fcc33aa7482472a3aef6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the birth of supermassive black holes from the direct collapse process and characterize the sites where these black hole seeds form. In the pre-reionization epoch, molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) is an efficient coolant, causing gas to fragment and form Population III stars, but Lyman-Werner radiation can suppress H$_2$ formation and allow gas to collapse directly into a massive black hole. The critical flux required to inhibit H$_2$ formation, $J_{\\rm crit}$, is hotly debated, largely due to the uncertainties in the source radiation spectrum, H$_2$ self-shielding, and collisional dissocia","authors_text":"Charlotte Christensen, Glenna Dunn, Jillian Bellovary, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, Thomas Quinn","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","title":"Sowing black hole seeds: Direct collapse black hole formation with realistic Lyman-Werner radiation in cosmological simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:71115ce4b19b1ffb015a20ba8d8cc9cc8a6fbfe31d64d45c0f43aa589d7e8314","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ec46c2775f56fd944698cff2768426889f67055edb19463f1a0b59f9ddd026fe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-03-02T19:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6894913e08d0123c25d708240db78952f2f3c0d9f8b70539b980a34eab57a123"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.01007","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"209c65c94be773fd8c1637a9d7644842d964b659517e8ee861ab1c89ee8f0a0b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"209c65c94be773fd8c1637a9d7644842d964b659517e8ee861ab1c89ee8f0a0b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322165Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322165Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zFAaxv8gFNxk4hrabQhHjjGt6Vl9g5nAik0r0UtbAkyrVYL9t/DNooCR+ygTAjmTlH63GSQvl58Iot9zFlfGDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.322757Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.01007","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:71115ce4b19b1ffb015a20ba8d8cc9cc8a6fbfe31d64d45c0f43aa589d7e8314","sha256:254f0019ac199e4e80908e41600cb6925e1e74624b63fcc33aa7482472a3aef6"],"state_sha256":"b615ec5ac7be6e3196ec1e010810117dede351807dee0c37a303ff4dc00b9d6b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x9UaXdJoNwgZHUI+yxyugnAv63i8dTsYosTAVGyzAJTM7o2AZQTtm+T++Rctq2e0qJobG/ZucFpUXlxnd5aADw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T00:16:34.408560Z","bundle_sha256":"b156426525292407d8cc3800340017b45296a388ad47e229596c6395acdeaac6"}}