{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX","short_pith_number":"pith:EDG74ZNC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"53e0b0fbb0d151cf1c80a6b3aef0cc7fbc1c9f40af4b598d8023d66ab1e431bc","abstract_canon_sha256":"00914b183f8a02a9b0a79567594866be7185537868e63f989602488c792044f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"20cdfe65a2ca15924785b6d80b1f512df43ff869dd2cdc87d1512af5d27028b1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0105533","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0105533","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0105533v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0105533","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EDG74ZNCZIKZ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EDG74ZNCZIKZER4F","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EDG74ZNC","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"53e0b0fbb0d151cf1c80a6b3aef0cc7fbc1c9f40af4b598d8023d66ab1e431bc","abstract_canon_sha256":"00914b183f8a02a9b0a79567594866be7185537868e63f989602488c792044f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"20cdfe65a2ca15924785b6d80b1f512df43ff869dd2cdc87d1512af5d27028b1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084755Z","signature_b64":"UYij2rD/iItcXdsfKp7WEyp41+YD6UmLG1qrlC0nsnLSBX0CxjeZ3YdLB5kxoqYMO5nFM0bCAnXxmvpaX5XFDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"20cdfe65a2ca15924785b6d80b1f512df43ff869dd2cdc87d1512af5d27028b1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084186Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0105533","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aM4jmPVDWILdhorDbXwjNnjkEpPdCYpRL1oh+Gv8IKvD2srUxGaLea1pOgIV6Qdh2K2mDMuKWC+dyk+6Ts7IBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:07:31.059706Z"},"content_sha256":"5e0695325cb8dedcac1343909740afbb22cba2917a1c021068e603f442f9e48a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5e0695325cb8dedcac1343909740afbb22cba2917a1c021068e603f442f9e48a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Useful Approximation to the Cooling Coefficient of Trace Elements","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Bradford A. Benson, & Donald P. Cox, Robert A. Benjamin","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Radiative cooling is an important ingredient in hydrodynamical models involving evolution of high temperature plasmas. Unfortunately, calculating an accurate cooling coefficient generally requires the solution of over a hundred differential equations to follow the ionization. We discuss here a simple 2-parameter approximation for the cooling coefficient due to elements heavier than H and He, for the temperature range $T= 10^{4}-10^{8}$K. Tests of the method show that it successfully tracks the ionization level in severe dynamical environments, and accurately approximates the non-equilibrium co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0105533/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dmTd5bhDC/fKd37/2XVVHQkVlRZiU+CWeZC4N1rW2HPZC7UoOpGGxZxWrsoHmtf2Dt6qNQyiIhFJmHnhT2ZnBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:07:31.060246Z"},"content_sha256":"74376e4bae89c34b8fcba02f83282e40328e9862ac4df5dd1f44416d182fe2bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:74376e4bae89c34b8fcba02f83282e40328e9862ac4df5dd1f44416d182fe2bc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T22:07:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:EDG74ZNCZIKZER4FW3MAWH2RFX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00914b183f8a02a9b0a79567594866be7185537868e63f989602488c792044f0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"53e0b0fbb0d151cf1c80a6b3aef0cc7fbc1c9f40af4b598d8023d66ab1e431bc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0105533","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0105533v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0105533","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EDG74ZNCZIKZ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EDG74ZNCZIKZER4F","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EDG74ZNC","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:74376e4bae89c34b8fcba02f83282e40328e9862ac4df5dd1f44416d182fe2bc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0105533/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Radiative cooling is an important ingredient in hydrodynamical models involving evolution of high temperature plasmas. Unfortunately, calculating an accurate cooling coefficient generally requires the solution of over a hundred differential equations to follow the ionization. We discuss here a simple 2-parameter approximation for the cooling coefficient due to elements heavier than H and He, for the temperature range $T= 10^{4}-10^{8}$K. Tests of the method show that it successfully tracks the ionization level in severe dynamical environments, and accurately approximates the non-equilibrium co","authors_text":"Bradford A. Benson, & Donald P. Cox, Robert A. Benjamin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","title":"A Useful Approximation to the Cooling Coefficient of Trace Elements"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5e0695325cb8dedcac1343909740afbb22cba2917a1c021068e603f442f9e48a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00914b183f8a02a9b0a79567594866be7185537868e63f989602488c792044f0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-05-30T17:52:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"53e0b0fbb0d151cf1c80a6b3aef0cc7fbc1c9f40af4b598d8023d66ab1e431bc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0105533","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"20cdfe65a2ca15924785b6d80b1f512df43ff869dd2cdc87d1512af5d27028b1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"20cdfe65a2ca15924785b6d80b1f512df43ff869dd2cdc87d1512af5d27028b1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084186Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084186Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UYij2rD/iItcXdsfKp7WEyp41+YD6UmLG1qrlC0nsnLSBX0CxjeZ3YdLB5kxoqYMO5nFM0bCAnXxmvpaX5XFDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:23:28.084755Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0105533","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5e0695325cb8dedcac1343909740afbb22cba2917a1c021068e603f442f9e48a","sha256:74376e4bae89c34b8fcba02f83282e40328e9862ac4df5dd1f44416d182fe2bc"],"state_sha256":"cf49a44749e28880327ab835e7bed66516c17251c0d5dde9b86737fec7550bc7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vwThvx9p88lkAXDD+yQlEXCH7OJv0HQgw+UeaQb0WlTpB8MThDSS/HV/o9kzR/Ixw842mYfryNjusWxoUvO8Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T22:07:31.065662Z","bundle_sha256":"778bfd6e266b97ebcc1f339e2eea338261f9a8461598e58cf376d0b95bd3e534"}}