{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1992:EEQ2LXOS3G6JW7WEV26KXEHNU6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb81bd1923a7ede67f66fde3a1900236fd81359e788b8235f3084df22af27b1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1992-09-20T23:54:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a2f1448fb5e9f27d69ef7a5544f98b29930813b11b369b47bb9ddb912ed992e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9209259","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9209259","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9209259v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9209259","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EEQ2LXOS3G6J","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EEQ2LXOS3G6JW7WE","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EEQ2LXOS","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9c4dbf380bdadc05eecaac0bdb2122b2a94e6ac151f9f95fe38e9dbce954bb0c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/9209259/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Experimentally it has been known for a long time that the electric charges of the observed particles appear to be quantized. An approach to understanding electric charge quantization that can be used for gauge theories with explicit $U(1)$ factors -- such as the standard model and its variants -- is pedagogically reviewed and discussed in this article. This approach uses the allowed invariances of the Lagrangian and their associated anomaly cancellation equations. We demonstrate that charge may be de-quantized in the three-generation standard model with massless neutrinos, because differences ","authors_text":"H. Lew, R. Foot, R. R. Volkas","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1992-09-20T23:54:21Z","title":"Electric Charge Quantization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9209259","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:888b5bc18a680baf7ce54b07e8674dabda5e139b7b68ca733e36f9e2b0e12db4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0fb81bd1923a7ede67f66fde3a1900236fd81359e788b8235f3084df22af27b1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1992-09-20T23:54:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2a2f1448fb5e9f27d69ef7a5544f98b29930813b11b369b47bb9ddb912ed992e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9209259","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2121a5ddd2d9bc9b7ec4aebcab90eda78ed6d98baecc78b8c7f262a938cecab6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2121a5ddd2d9bc9b7ec4aebcab90eda78ed6d98baecc78b8c7f262a938cecab6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31.660357Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31.660357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ijEuWvxvTEUnzsbxLMf1bl55pXM2sS1nKePtRrcfB0BePcOzlIn3luLMrdYkPAKAqsfv6YrYGjSRF7s8yULdDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:21:31.660756Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/9209259","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:888b5bc18a680baf7ce54b07e8674dabda5e139b7b68ca733e36f9e2b0e12db4","sha256:9c4dbf380bdadc05eecaac0bdb2122b2a94e6ac151f9f95fe38e9dbce954bb0c"],"state_sha256":"32b2924eb5b74e837d1d8cedd827905f0edfe0e7cb2b9e87fda555d420223b22"}