{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7","short_pith_number":"pith:EEXZ4KRK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"284f94afe932f7307b097416114a8ea2ded181fc51a05f129c4f4272660340b3","abstract_canon_sha256":"02c2f8d0cfb4d1ab6b476db1438408ec3e5dae9d28f864a6ec4a4f85b6110f1e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"212f9e2a2aed04dadcc55a52512ffcafc76a11d52dbd440983dd66cf850bd71f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.08053","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.08053v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK5UCN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"284f94afe932f7307b097416114a8ea2ded181fc51a05f129c4f4272660340b3","abstract_canon_sha256":"02c2f8d0cfb4d1ab6b476db1438408ec3e5dae9d28f864a6ec4a4f85b6110f1e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"212f9e2a2aed04dadcc55a52512ffcafc76a11d52dbd440983dd66cf850bd71f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.965002Z","signature_b64":"xFhkf46sL5JdgIS93T7d8ArFQkf5hjb0zsuK8O5RvisB1L12/pwVODI7WSJ3sj1iI/jcpaCxoruFCfIxjMZgBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"212f9e2a2aed04dadcc55a52512ffcafc76a11d52dbd440983dd66cf850bd71f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.964499Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.964499Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.08053","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YQiS6j6aBEhmDPRp1HliTZqyCXGW9y3bzywUuIX3sYZMTAqufdYxQ1Ls1kWaBqDFROndYRry6cM8rnd9Ycu9CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:37:33.177579Z"},"content_sha256":"24c4f9f5743ca967db7465193f8595e4cd32cbf2009ca0f59bfd3507f30bc624","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:24c4f9f5743ca967db7465193f8595e4cd32cbf2009ca0f59bfd3507f30bc624"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Target-Aware Analysis of Data Augmentation for Hate Speech Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Camilla Casula, Sara Tonelli","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely represented phenomena, such as ableism or ageism, can lead to hate speech detection systems that do not perform well on underrepresented identity groups. Given the unpreceded capabilities of LLMs in producing high-quality data, we investigate the possibility of augmenting existing data with generative language models, reducing target imbalance. We experiment with augm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.08053/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lip0u8a3CAl7ozFXIgl3LhiD9Qir9dt3fAz7BzWQ82kfKAZcEHckf0+y+6R3txkyHWYYKGAR9dNSQuPe1IZPCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:37:33.178303Z"},"content_sha256":"6919eac1174bb4b21f5012676e5ddda9c9dab58f5e2c11c181af6177f79fb2f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6919eac1174bb4b21f5012676e5ddda9c9dab58f5e2c11c181af6177f79fb2f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T13:37:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGFLJJFCL74V7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02c2f8d0cfb4d1ab6b476db1438408ec3e5dae9d28f864a6ec4a4f85b6110f1e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"284f94afe932f7307b097416114a8ea2ded181fc51a05f129c4f4272660340b3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.08053v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK5UCN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK5UCNVXGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EEXZ4KRK","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6919eac1174bb4b21f5012676e5ddda9c9dab58f5e2c11c181af6177f79fb2f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.08053/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely represented phenomena, such as ableism or ageism, can lead to hate speech detection systems that do not perform well on underrepresented identity groups. Given the unpreceded capabilities of LLMs in producing high-quality data, we investigate the possibility of augmenting existing data with generative language models, reducing target imbalance. We experiment with augm","authors_text":"Camilla Casula, Sara Tonelli","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","title":"A Target-Aware Analysis of Data Augmentation for Hate Speech Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:24c4f9f5743ca967db7465193f8595e4cd32cbf2009ca0f59bfd3507f30bc624","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02c2f8d0cfb4d1ab6b476db1438408ec3e5dae9d28f864a6ec4a4f85b6110f1e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T15:46:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"284f94afe932f7307b097416114a8ea2ded181fc51a05f129c4f4272660340b3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"212f9e2a2aed04dadcc55a52512ffcafc76a11d52dbd440983dd66cf850bd71f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"212f9e2a2aed04dadcc55a52512ffcafc76a11d52dbd440983dd66cf850bd71f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.964499Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.964499Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xFhkf46sL5JdgIS93T7d8ArFQkf5hjb0zsuK8O5RvisB1L12/pwVODI7WSJ3sj1iI/jcpaCxoruFCfIxjMZgBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:47.965002Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.08053","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:24c4f9f5743ca967db7465193f8595e4cd32cbf2009ca0f59bfd3507f30bc624","sha256:6919eac1174bb4b21f5012676e5ddda9c9dab58f5e2c11c181af6177f79fb2f5"],"state_sha256":"f94830a87c267f750f58b4c11084e5eb134ba121045b1902ce69cd1c95ff03d0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+51oY4M4ptiDmmz8XSuWx/ASZJ98WaletU//W7QHFIggcPFT1veJjIgwdR0nGxsU4pD6NRVjGaPxcHlKy2APCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T13:37:33.185697Z","bundle_sha256":"6bdf73985d0e585f8df3baaa4da4c47923038c9201c211c095e071e794802778"}}