{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6","short_pith_number":"pith:EFV27K2A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"6ac0532f31825e9669a1cab3fe62becfaafac66d0dc69ba410133a4729433d4b","abstract_canon_sha256":"47b9863dbf8b71d73e5db62fddaa81110b4ac594d155fa16db5f3af23d540bd0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"216bafab4070f0f724c5624e6e44b227a18d7ebb8d75b8e73b9e4a8bb79f291a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.16844","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.16844","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.16844v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.16844","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EFV27K2AODYP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EFV27K2AODYPOJGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EFV27K2A","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"title_canon_sha256":"6ac0532f31825e9669a1cab3fe62becfaafac66d0dc69ba410133a4729433d4b","abstract_canon_sha256":"47b9863dbf8b71d73e5db62fddaa81110b4ac594d155fa16db5f3af23d540bd0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"216bafab4070f0f724c5624e6e44b227a18d7ebb8d75b8e73b9e4a8bb79f291a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663799Z","signature_b64":"oT0vQwIGT/QgeSKf98A6EnftRO8p6jwbyzuewY1jJpSUN+DUjRSbLdWZEa7GlkTgPEN2jUJD9ApAoBpUtkr0AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"216bafab4070f0f724c5624e6e44b227a18d7ebb8d75b8e73b9e4a8bb79f291a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663284Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.16844","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VuWVjhAn0AMx4oB647UleG/NZT5Su/Zgaaa+5Gvh2LA0IjE7rwJqs3TAc4aK/zaW89QeLrVyYQlna2aEzNA/Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:51:29.318560Z"},"content_sha256":"c4404a5c0f09e698166c7a2fac7d113a856f2cb0295021a873b1cf4ac7204864","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c4404a5c0f09e698166c7a2fac7d113a856f2cb0295021a873b1cf4ac7204864"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Resistant Inference in Instrumental Variable Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Jens Klooster, Mikhail Zhelonkin","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"The classical tests in the instrumental variable model can behave arbitrarily if the data is contaminated. For instance, one outlying observation can be enough to change the outcome of a test. We develop a framework to construct testing procedures that are robust to weak instruments, outliers and heavy-tailed errors in the instrumental variable model. The framework is constructed upon M-estimators. By deriving the influence functions of the classical weak instrument robust tests, such as the Anderson-Rubin test, K-test and the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) test, we prove their unbounded s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.16844/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cRXwBzMZ1Gg1u6YV1pnAr5HdBZ8Rl8HBaz871RE3WdHaJ/nx9ior0Nx4V46Kmpq9NqlE/NWpt9ZKos9p437TCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:51:29.319050Z"},"content_sha256":"4aaa6d8a77ffadaf1925690c4cbf380e35f7b891eb516c930c84d4e8528eeb42","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4aaa6d8a77ffadaf1925690c4cbf380e35f7b891eb516c930c84d4e8528eeb42"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T06:51:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EFV27K2AODYPOJGFMJHG4RFSE6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47b9863dbf8b71d73e5db62fddaa81110b4ac594d155fa16db5f3af23d540bd0","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ac0532f31825e9669a1cab3fe62becfaafac66d0dc69ba410133a4729433d4b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.16844","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.16844v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.16844","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EFV27K2AODYP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EFV27K2AODYPOJGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EFV27K2A","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4aaa6d8a77ffadaf1925690c4cbf380e35f7b891eb516c930c84d4e8528eeb42","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.16844/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The classical tests in the instrumental variable model can behave arbitrarily if the data is contaminated. For instance, one outlying observation can be enough to change the outcome of a test. We develop a framework to construct testing procedures that are robust to weak instruments, outliers and heavy-tailed errors in the instrumental variable model. The framework is constructed upon M-estimators. By deriving the influence functions of the classical weak instrument robust tests, such as the Anderson-Rubin test, K-test and the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) test, we prove their unbounded s","authors_text":"Jens Klooster, Mikhail Zhelonkin","cross_cats":["stat.ME"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","title":"Resistant Inference in Instrumental Variable Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c4404a5c0f09e698166c7a2fac7d113a856f2cb0295021a873b1cf4ac7204864","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47b9863dbf8b71d73e5db62fddaa81110b4ac594d155fa16db5f3af23d540bd0","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ME"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2024-03-25T15:04:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"6ac0532f31825e9669a1cab3fe62becfaafac66d0dc69ba410133a4729433d4b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.16844","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"216bafab4070f0f724c5624e6e44b227a18d7ebb8d75b8e73b9e4a8bb79f291a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"216bafab4070f0f724c5624e6e44b227a18d7ebb8d75b8e73b9e4a8bb79f291a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663284Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oT0vQwIGT/QgeSKf98A6EnftRO8p6jwbyzuewY1jJpSUN+DUjRSbLdWZEa7GlkTgPEN2jUJD9ApAoBpUtkr0AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:00:21.663799Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.16844","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c4404a5c0f09e698166c7a2fac7d113a856f2cb0295021a873b1cf4ac7204864","sha256:4aaa6d8a77ffadaf1925690c4cbf380e35f7b891eb516c930c84d4e8528eeb42"],"state_sha256":"70f810eeee04a2f3fd3a9a5753afa61c37a1133be49e6eb4342106505c5538d2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/qbG2f3dCY8dl8wdazFlnaBu8Udt+zowuZz8w32S1gVsmXaZUOYjqtkbiPI4t3AkpeCO7v/9cXHXqJ5kjN7mBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T06:51:29.322179Z","bundle_sha256":"c61ef42e88711c07931ba124e38882b99b156fb135125df6353990af9d1a0773"}}