{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK","short_pith_number":"pith:EGO4JNB2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bfe75498e9306e3b557f4178602eb4b020a21a9d2c2a1938592fa93dccbbc25d","abstract_canon_sha256":"93ba90707cccbdc7b8ea44df5470e363aa78c45134500d96bb0569c7268b9932"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"219dc4b43a922786385b15d15dcae472b8ee4742127ab75fb226ed25b0772f7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.5769","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.5769","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.5769v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.5769","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2SITY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bfe75498e9306e3b557f4178602eb4b020a21a9d2c2a1938592fa93dccbbc25d","abstract_canon_sha256":"93ba90707cccbdc7b8ea44df5470e363aa78c45134500d96bb0569c7268b9932"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"219dc4b43a922786385b15d15dcae472b8ee4742127ab75fb226ed25b0772f7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.412704Z","signature_b64":"NU2O0+hL4jfum8koHh8DoAnJRQcJICa+LceSfjHRv/2wMEfOk+jE58iNHtgRKLiH3DZxdAOUOtANdQ7uuBYHCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"219dc4b43a922786385b15d15dcae472b8ee4742127ab75fb226ed25b0772f7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.411869Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.411869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1111.5769","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0r3cjvPOdw3U5zxXQVnYIsfrpaoiN2WjcVUzBoB1cUuklIJd+vpw++Ma9aO3DApFIL/j+g3GtrPfvCCblfgTAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:35:50.321557Z"},"content_sha256":"538cd128ede757a8f7ff4b061bb962b13c9b2feb17c0a293440c070774006727","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:538cd128ede757a8f7ff4b061bb962b13c9b2feb17c0a293440c070774006727"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Information Thermodynamics: Maxwell's Demon in Nonequilibrium Dynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Masahito Ueda, Takahiro Sagawa","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review theory of information thermodynamics which incorporates effects of measurement and feedback into nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a small system, and discuss how the second law of thermodynamics should be extended for such situations. We address the issue of the maximum work that can be extracted from the system in the presence of a feedback controller (Maxwell's demon) and provide a few illustrative examples. We also review a recent experiment that realized a Maxwell's demon based on a feedback-controlled ratchet."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CD9X7LzvCMQVE90TwcfhsenDW7WKe8jK6cDPGBSJR6KbQ66cWk/pesZ86be/HhOq26OwaxOIvb4U2JJKMSwqDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:35:50.322071Z"},"content_sha256":"45952eaff3ed35b33032103fca7b135766b2539a003cf9029ded47a605c5a091","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:45952eaff3ed35b33032103fca7b135766b2539a003cf9029ded47a605c5a091"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T02:35:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3CXIV3SXEOK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93ba90707cccbdc7b8ea44df5470e363aa78c45134500d96bb0569c7268b9932","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"bfe75498e9306e3b557f4178602eb4b020a21a9d2c2a1938592fa93dccbbc25d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.5769","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.5769v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.5769","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2SITY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2SITYMOC3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EGO4JNB2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:45952eaff3ed35b33032103fca7b135766b2539a003cf9029ded47a605c5a091","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We review theory of information thermodynamics which incorporates effects of measurement and feedback into nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a small system, and discuss how the second law of thermodynamics should be extended for such situations. We address the issue of the maximum work that can be extracted from the system in the presence of a feedback controller (Maxwell's demon) and provide a few illustrative examples. We also review a recent experiment that realized a Maxwell's demon based on a feedback-controlled ratchet.","authors_text":"Masahito Ueda, Takahiro Sagawa","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","title":"Information Thermodynamics: Maxwell's Demon in Nonequilibrium Dynamics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:538cd128ede757a8f7ff4b061bb962b13c9b2feb17c0a293440c070774006727","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"93ba90707cccbdc7b8ea44df5470e363aa78c45134500d96bb0569c7268b9932","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2011-11-24T14:08:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"bfe75498e9306e3b557f4178602eb4b020a21a9d2c2a1938592fa93dccbbc25d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.5769","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"219dc4b43a922786385b15d15dcae472b8ee4742127ab75fb226ed25b0772f7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"219dc4b43a922786385b15d15dcae472b8ee4742127ab75fb226ed25b0772f7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.411869Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.411869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NU2O0+hL4jfum8koHh8DoAnJRQcJICa+LceSfjHRv/2wMEfOk+jE58iNHtgRKLiH3DZxdAOUOtANdQ7uuBYHCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:03:06.412704Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1111.5769","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:538cd128ede757a8f7ff4b061bb962b13c9b2feb17c0a293440c070774006727","sha256:45952eaff3ed35b33032103fca7b135766b2539a003cf9029ded47a605c5a091"],"state_sha256":"8cb40a9d03f5a8e2c9acf31cb770ba09132104fa83b04028357ddb9d062e815d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ryrVBm2NvCZqqZvnRVxwKWi7aFGoE1oEYfMV7dKPoMiIoVy6buzUp+wbEf3eoVAdPcUDPxY+J1562UTUY6N9Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:35:50.325777Z","bundle_sha256":"df4a99ba3660b2fd27ed5fabe91d6b54b2cb436063dc9ce3799010551d993c66"}}