{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX","short_pith_number":"pith:EIAGSZY5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7d95522f0598affe3ac6215efb663f7c5c8e475a0333ea05b80dac588a496516","abstract_canon_sha256":"a246fcb2a037b78ef0c592abda0966e1d07d18ae4c9c675e19b6cc52e153dfd1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"220069671d27caf22f2c2a4ef7f1de7dce2801018bb13a263b79703b777f822c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.2378","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.2378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.2378v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.2378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5E7FP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5E7FPELZM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7d95522f0598affe3ac6215efb663f7c5c8e475a0333ea05b80dac588a496516","abstract_canon_sha256":"a246fcb2a037b78ef0c592abda0966e1d07d18ae4c9c675e19b6cc52e153dfd1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"220069671d27caf22f2c2a4ef7f1de7dce2801018bb13a263b79703b777f822c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.634465Z","signature_b64":"Mg0Uwjmc2QSUSNfOwArCRCXqETVqT1XUjH5azvzuCBm/HDFM8y6naSaIuLORYZm2hZDu8mLONtjdmrSeopnYCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"220069671d27caf22f2c2a4ef7f1de7dce2801018bb13a263b79703b777f822c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.633727Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.633727Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1401.2378","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4cLPitg6Pd/t040vOEe6iXv8I2eqe1yy8HaALkjDi7Y0jH5vkfrdo45wRBKh3SG8DZXYDyfpz9Arjb2GvkEOAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:26:30.197250Z"},"content_sha256":"3e0a61a0823ae24c24aa3e62e1a1d77d2729fc27b42793e24379ba0129f06f17","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3e0a61a0823ae24c24aa3e62e1a1d77d2729fc27b42793e24379ba0129f06f17"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optical atomic clocks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","authors_text":"C. W. Oates, G. M. Tino, N. Poli, P. Gill","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the last ten years extraordinary results in time and frequency metrology have been demonstrated. Frequency-stabilization techniques for continuous-wave lasers and femto-second optical frequency combs have enabled a rapid development of frequency standards based on optical transitions in ultra-cold neutral atoms and trapped ions. As a result, today's best performing atomic clocks tick at an optical rate and allow scientists to perform high-resolution measurements with a precision approaching a few parts in $10^{18}$. This paper reviews the history and the state of the art in optical-clock re"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PT7Zqi2ggogHZYZXtsRcfkkG2lIZn5vXtm4X4VcsTro0pfY4tAzbX21UaJmez9v8rkSFkXa6RlCix9MTpPu0Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:26:30.197949Z"},"content_sha256":"1ee5795cb184ec616c6697a9f08bc81613541b30302deac43b5ee8de6d32c824","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1ee5795cb184ec616c6697a9f08bc81613541b30302deac43b5ee8de6d32c824"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T20:26:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:EIAGSZY5E7FPELZMFJHPP4O6PX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a246fcb2a037b78ef0c592abda0966e1d07d18ae4c9c675e19b6cc52e153dfd1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d95522f0598affe3ac6215efb663f7c5c8e475a0333ea05b80dac588a496516"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.2378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.2378v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.2378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5E7FP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5E7FPELZM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIAGSZY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1ee5795cb184ec616c6697a9f08bc81613541b30302deac43b5ee8de6d32c824","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the last ten years extraordinary results in time and frequency metrology have been demonstrated. Frequency-stabilization techniques for continuous-wave lasers and femto-second optical frequency combs have enabled a rapid development of frequency standards based on optical transitions in ultra-cold neutral atoms and trapped ions. As a result, today's best performing atomic clocks tick at an optical rate and allow scientists to perform high-resolution measurements with a precision approaching a few parts in $10^{18}$. This paper reviews the history and the state of the art in optical-clock re","authors_text":"C. W. Oates, G. M. Tino, N. Poli, P. Gill","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","title":"Optical atomic clocks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3e0a61a0823ae24c24aa3e62e1a1d77d2729fc27b42793e24379ba0129f06f17","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a246fcb2a037b78ef0c592abda0966e1d07d18ae4c9c675e19b6cc52e153dfd1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.atom-ph","submitted_at":"2014-01-10T15:44:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d95522f0598affe3ac6215efb663f7c5c8e475a0333ea05b80dac588a496516"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1401.2378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"220069671d27caf22f2c2a4ef7f1de7dce2801018bb13a263b79703b777f822c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"220069671d27caf22f2c2a4ef7f1de7dce2801018bb13a263b79703b777f822c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.633727Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.633727Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mg0Uwjmc2QSUSNfOwArCRCXqETVqT1XUjH5azvzuCBm/HDFM8y6naSaIuLORYZm2hZDu8mLONtjdmrSeopnYCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:02:33.634465Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1401.2378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3e0a61a0823ae24c24aa3e62e1a1d77d2729fc27b42793e24379ba0129f06f17","sha256:1ee5795cb184ec616c6697a9f08bc81613541b30302deac43b5ee8de6d32c824"],"state_sha256":"f13cb1b0a429fbebc69085d48c658e1e6ee4efa44f1318031c3a20254549921c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"taIRFvz5053Iv8zT1wq0vhzW46xyKBFfrmKwFk3BKXIG3vymIIjO/dMuHZobNSIKEcG1np6qq0NT/evwHQrBDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T20:26:30.201549Z","bundle_sha256":"f3675a5772ae370a729e56acc03137e6f32822ec9581053e1cf7f6161258b9ef"}}