{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7","short_pith_number":"pith:EINFGCRT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22943edc5f4aed9078ddff1f70e0bb03f14d9a4a6b16b90c1bc6aa626e7e759d","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ee489ee95c2b42f8f315e635c70b4a2d1a2b45033f44bb9f4329081719f9578"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"221a530a33e32071c37c755f7a275847dbfa7f5fe9cab92658d0a6c47be12527","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.07554","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.07554","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.07554v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.07554","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EINFGCRT4MQH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EINFGCRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22943edc5f4aed9078ddff1f70e0bb03f14d9a4a6b16b90c1bc6aa626e7e759d","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ee489ee95c2b42f8f315e635c70b4a2d1a2b45033f44bb9f4329081719f9578"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"221a530a33e32071c37c755f7a275847dbfa7f5fe9cab92658d0a6c47be12527","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432844Z","signature_b64":"KHojZfSlaSdpKjMoVQqt1clEkLhnzU6xfB8srfJGoE2htWE3RFRYbAviF++SYlc2rwv+wUfOWtuSJ4wO6kUhAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"221a530a33e32071c37c755f7a275847dbfa7f5fe9cab92658d0a6c47be12527","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432221Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432221Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.07554","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DRVU856XlInzOyT4ZnU3Urzkxk2M4nb+STVdxRurgIxbJVIZAUNTkxjK4oi1rnDwEoTmvonxmDMfkQTC2zYRBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:59:59.343445Z"},"content_sha256":"963824cf35ac3e9f055f22c2424b240995e62225aa66ff080d9d1dbd5b8fa839","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:963824cf35ac3e9f055f22c2424b240995e62225aa66ff080d9d1dbd5b8fa839"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Analytical Formulation of Power System Oscillation Frequency","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SY","authors_text":"Bin Wang, Kai Sun","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"This letter proposes an analytical approach to formulate the power system oscillation frequency under a large disturbance. A fact is revealed that the oscillation frequency is only the function of the oscillation amplitude when the system's model and operating condition are fixed. Case studies also show that this function is damping-insensitive and could be applied to an inter-area model of a multi-machine power system."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h6bXdSa2edTT0RwnZ+m6EmhtD1K1mYGhf/41UEeLRdsIetrqT7bcYAP9FM3NiY6bjLKQ7T9YkWzCYQyRz2GVCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:59:59.343787Z"},"content_sha256":"ddeb57ff7e263ed863436f9df67b3b6415df751093bafaf449a417a900a5c9e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ddeb57ff7e263ed863436f9df67b3b6415df751093bafaf449a417a900a5c9e1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T14:59:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34OVPXUJ2YI7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ee489ee95c2b42f8f315e635c70b4a2d1a2b45033f44bb9f4329081719f9578","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"22943edc5f4aed9078ddff1f70e0bb03f14d9a4a6b16b90c1bc6aa626e7e759d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.07554","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.07554v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.07554","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EINFGCRT4MQH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EINFGCRT4MQHDQ34","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EINFGCRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ddeb57ff7e263ed863436f9df67b3b6415df751093bafaf449a417a900a5c9e1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This letter proposes an analytical approach to formulate the power system oscillation frequency under a large disturbance. A fact is revealed that the oscillation frequency is only the function of the oscillation amplitude when the system's model and operating condition are fixed. Case studies also show that this function is damping-insensitive and could be applied to an inter-area model of a multi-machine power system.","authors_text":"Bin Wang, Kai Sun","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","title":"An Analytical Formulation of Power System Oscillation Frequency"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:963824cf35ac3e9f055f22c2424b240995e62225aa66ff080d9d1dbd5b8fa839","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ee489ee95c2b42f8f315e635c70b4a2d1a2b45033f44bb9f4329081719f9578","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2015-03-08T14:35:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"22943edc5f4aed9078ddff1f70e0bb03f14d9a4a6b16b90c1bc6aa626e7e759d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"221a530a33e32071c37c755f7a275847dbfa7f5fe9cab92658d0a6c47be12527","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"221a530a33e32071c37c755f7a275847dbfa7f5fe9cab92658d0a6c47be12527","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432221Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432221Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KHojZfSlaSdpKjMoVQqt1clEkLhnzU6xfB8srfJGoE2htWE3RFRYbAviF++SYlc2rwv+wUfOWtuSJ4wO6kUhAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:20.432844Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.07554","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:963824cf35ac3e9f055f22c2424b240995e62225aa66ff080d9d1dbd5b8fa839","sha256:ddeb57ff7e263ed863436f9df67b3b6415df751093bafaf449a417a900a5c9e1"],"state_sha256":"124030c899eb2477d15ee7b31d9136ed8b366f5927efbbf59669fe86a5941b16"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FiQGRN8WHg4URO1fl1OKU2QZq3VwhRDbUKqeIebtQ1fiWG8m3s6TVgjkFTLoy9NQ8J0kt12FUxPU2Ga8Ps94DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:59:59.345733Z","bundle_sha256":"cceae650fdf70bd1e90464bcc0ee63ae8bc06b300b060b4920c5c1966efa5dab"}}