{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR","short_pith_number":"pith:EIZNFIKK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7bb05cc25175c29bd221303f69134c1e163f3c1014401d8f3275ac8096400d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"570e6b7d1f09035d213500eba0e2034def52dcd56a40e2ee8dd094bd05b5f413"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2232d2a14a11ccac35a79f6fb2ad6e1461bf6e11b7d7c48c4719b9f76a92445d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.13169","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.13169","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.13169v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.13169","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIZNFIKKCHGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIZNFIKK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7bb05cc25175c29bd221303f69134c1e163f3c1014401d8f3275ac8096400d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"570e6b7d1f09035d213500eba0e2034def52dcd56a40e2ee8dd094bd05b5f413"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2232d2a14a11ccac35a79f6fb2ad6e1461bf6e11b7d7c48c4719b9f76a92445d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.190499Z","signature_b64":"yFpi2phdUmV0w7QUabqw6W1RPaUaJ5BQ/DeAAOqgegMecZSG9HEVuVpcw/BVHDwOK6xsSIiATckzcKBtgXdHAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2232d2a14a11ccac35a79f6fb2ad6e1461bf6e11b7d7c48c4719b9f76a92445d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.189972Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.189972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.13169","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MCmFgdF2i6Ed9gA9Gb8rJzAYskQe30PtPaBltFj157yl9Mhgi0QK8Kg6qyE1DU4FXpJimC7IdrT+SC9CRdmBCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:07.935344Z"},"content_sha256":"3108646929cdb154cbb1b1c506d18d4ad423328498dd8d2552736f8192a83d75","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3108646929cdb154cbb1b1c506d18d4ad423328498dd8d2552736f8192a83d75"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cloudy Forecast: How Predictable is Communication Latency in the Cloud?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Abishek Bangalore Muralikrishna, Aleksey Charapko, Bocheng Cui, Marielle Webster, Owen Hilyard","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many systems and services rely on timing assumptions for performance and availability to perform critical aspects of their operation, such as various timeouts for failure detectors or optimizations to concurrency control mechanisms. Many such assumptions rely on the ability of different components to communicate on time -- a delay in communication may trigger the failure detector or cause the system to enter a less-optimized execution mode. Unfortunately, these timing assumptions are often set with little regard to actual communication guarantees of the underlying infrastructure -- in particul"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.13169/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ln0ZTXrwJRfs9rlqq6LEyPVl6102vJpgLVr1+nR2ollnCHkBKOhTWpfzHwXhm3Q8FVvTYNO+FTbtXHOkvAhCDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:07.935758Z"},"content_sha256":"529f95e826dfbb5c01112c3c4aa87266f5036d47b56eaa807dd4e60cd9541a85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:529f95e826dfbb5c01112c3c4aa87266f5036d47b56eaa807dd4e60cd9541a85"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNHT5X3FLLOCR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"570e6b7d1f09035d213500eba0e2034def52dcd56a40e2ee8dd094bd05b5f413","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7bb05cc25175c29bd221303f69134c1e163f3c1014401d8f3275ac8096400d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.13169","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.13169v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.13169","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIZNFIKKCHGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIZNFIKKCHGKYNNH","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIZNFIKK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:529f95e826dfbb5c01112c3c4aa87266f5036d47b56eaa807dd4e60cd9541a85","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.13169/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many systems and services rely on timing assumptions for performance and availability to perform critical aspects of their operation, such as various timeouts for failure detectors or optimizations to concurrency control mechanisms. Many such assumptions rely on the ability of different components to communicate on time -- a delay in communication may trigger the failure detector or cause the system to enter a less-optimized execution mode. Unfortunately, these timing assumptions are often set with little regard to actual communication guarantees of the underlying infrastructure -- in particul","authors_text":"Abishek Bangalore Muralikrishna, Aleksey Charapko, Bocheng Cui, Marielle Webster, Owen Hilyard","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","title":"Cloudy Forecast: How Predictable is Communication Latency in the Cloud?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3108646929cdb154cbb1b1c506d18d4ad423328498dd8d2552736f8192a83d75","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"570e6b7d1f09035d213500eba0e2034def52dcd56a40e2ee8dd094bd05b5f413","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-09-22T20:16:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7bb05cc25175c29bd221303f69134c1e163f3c1014401d8f3275ac8096400d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.13169","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2232d2a14a11ccac35a79f6fb2ad6e1461bf6e11b7d7c48c4719b9f76a92445d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2232d2a14a11ccac35a79f6fb2ad6e1461bf6e11b7d7c48c4719b9f76a92445d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.189972Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.189972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yFpi2phdUmV0w7QUabqw6W1RPaUaJ5BQ/DeAAOqgegMecZSG9HEVuVpcw/BVHDwOK6xsSIiATckzcKBtgXdHAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:53:48.190499Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.13169","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3108646929cdb154cbb1b1c506d18d4ad423328498dd8d2552736f8192a83d75","sha256:529f95e826dfbb5c01112c3c4aa87266f5036d47b56eaa807dd4e60cd9541a85"],"state_sha256":"881e93c5898f958fb75af05abbcdfa59d8fac2fe626e141441dbbf7393b1a7f6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mUQ5EUlDUVEN+4v2sytMmEBLePYfL1B0Dmk8VvOBjVypUBnPTLWxaaRh3xt89ESIvLwsuYTeWUycmA+m+G42CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:41:07.937773Z","bundle_sha256":"e09aa7074f19abfbe4d15eebed89ac66a63ad6ddf4ef6a185ea5d9408de455c8"}}