{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR","short_pith_number":"pith:EJGGKHAF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1a5077d53268e5ca167929c6b603eb744b12dd35f2506df76d703a90ab907244","abstract_canon_sha256":"51e4b76513046f154a35724336c1b659091a0e03d8819bb0d4c719605ef8d585"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"224c651c0518beb7dd2fd247976906a45854afd62dc42b9b3f47916d9fa20707","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.01420","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.01420","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.01420v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.01420","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EJGGKHAFDC7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EJGGKHAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1a5077d53268e5ca167929c6b603eb744b12dd35f2506df76d703a90ab907244","abstract_canon_sha256":"51e4b76513046f154a35724336c1b659091a0e03d8819bb0d4c719605ef8d585"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"224c651c0518beb7dd2fd247976906a45854afd62dc42b9b3f47916d9fa20707","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214615Z","signature_b64":"zd/1bVIyviZrFa/AKVkO8EQ9nO/E1OzqwtZSWBE0k9uXtEukqhLYHCJpPaQpFZl6tuZwbGDpxwFU7I8nRT7jCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"224c651c0518beb7dd2fd247976906a45854afd62dc42b9b3f47916d9fa20707","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214010Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1506.01420","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1y064t0gwNGXcDTPSZSE3EGIOUDUSsW3eeHyFjw7p+vlWw6GLfHWT+0Izk3Wnq2hWKpVMl6iremGSM8CUYX9Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T08:05:10.162858Z"},"content_sha256":"ca89daf01235f0c06faef22eeba8dec1959269563b2b4227a37ba6b8523ba9b1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca89daf01235f0c06faef22eeba8dec1959269563b2b4227a37ba6b8523ba9b1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Global Modeling of Nebulae with Particle Growth, Drift and Evaporation Fronts. I: Methodology and Typical Results","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Demitri A. Morgan, Jeffrey N. Cuzzi, Paul R. Estrada","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We model particle growth in a turbulent, viscously evolving protoplanetary nebula, incorporating sticking, bouncing, fragmentation, and mass transfer at high speeds. We treat small particles using a moments method and large particles using a traditional histogram binning, including a probability distribution function of collisional velocities. The fragmentation strength of the particles depends on their composition (icy aggregates are stronger than silicate aggregates). The particle opacity, which controls the nebula thermal structure, evolves as particles grow and mass redistributes. While gr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OStVPXha4c+2B63d8XYfksTgnUGXFsxjrCJPo63ipvNgSKhn8ngYhsXaXKC6y5tACEzJyatvpvXU2WShw0qRAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T08:05:10.163210Z"},"content_sha256":"6e88ab4a1b546ecd85b67d645cffedf86bf1c1b05ea88e91848d5353102ecf32","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6e88ab4a1b546ecd85b67d645cffedf86bf1c1b05ea88e91848d5353102ecf32"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-26T08:05:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP2JDZO2IGUR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"51e4b76513046f154a35724336c1b659091a0e03d8819bb0d4c719605ef8d585","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"1a5077d53268e5ca167929c6b603eb744b12dd35f2506df76d703a90ab907244"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.01420","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.01420v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.01420","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EJGGKHAFDC7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EJGGKHAFDC7LPXJP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EJGGKHAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6e88ab4a1b546ecd85b67d645cffedf86bf1c1b05ea88e91848d5353102ecf32","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We model particle growth in a turbulent, viscously evolving protoplanetary nebula, incorporating sticking, bouncing, fragmentation, and mass transfer at high speeds. We treat small particles using a moments method and large particles using a traditional histogram binning, including a probability distribution function of collisional velocities. The fragmentation strength of the particles depends on their composition (icy aggregates are stronger than silicate aggregates). The particle opacity, which controls the nebula thermal structure, evolves as particles grow and mass redistributes. While gr","authors_text":"Demitri A. Morgan, Jeffrey N. Cuzzi, Paul R. Estrada","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","title":"Global Modeling of Nebulae with Particle Growth, Drift and Evaporation Fronts. I: Methodology and Typical Results"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca89daf01235f0c06faef22eeba8dec1959269563b2b4227a37ba6b8523ba9b1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"51e4b76513046f154a35724336c1b659091a0e03d8819bb0d4c719605ef8d585","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-06-03T22:29:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"1a5077d53268e5ca167929c6b603eb744b12dd35f2506df76d703a90ab907244"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.01420","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"224c651c0518beb7dd2fd247976906a45854afd62dc42b9b3f47916d9fa20707","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"224c651c0518beb7dd2fd247976906a45854afd62dc42b9b3f47916d9fa20707","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214010Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zd/1bVIyviZrFa/AKVkO8EQ9nO/E1OzqwtZSWBE0k9uXtEukqhLYHCJpPaQpFZl6tuZwbGDpxwFU7I8nRT7jCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:02.214615Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1506.01420","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca89daf01235f0c06faef22eeba8dec1959269563b2b4227a37ba6b8523ba9b1","sha256:6e88ab4a1b546ecd85b67d645cffedf86bf1c1b05ea88e91848d5353102ecf32"],"state_sha256":"53e80df1cc03e73936d7d45ed2a0378acc417610d7a6a2df2cc0a2ad455bd68a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I2orMDrsjXxcDjiAEZ87A3By1aO9UQtHskDg3mMZZ+1Jn2UsDbgYkh1roETHTQV8svqCbnahuwB9q9QRYyV+BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T08:05:10.165232Z","bundle_sha256":"33a09f53347eba7256660cf36b0fe9ddfcc36b6406d7adf6cc215232fe7be57d"}}