{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5","short_pith_number":"pith:EK6A6VQC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"23b2e4eac5e4c349a6511ff4ebebd6bf43b0e747ed468de348c4cb589d736519","abstract_canon_sha256":"cde15a32e4436c929934e8bf1e20a032f2a2f4e53b0585333c5f9d7c5dc7bdb2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"22bc0f560284231022e534b144f0875752dfe9f1f7c2aef2fdc8213902834a3a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.08007","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.08007","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.08007v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.08007","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EK6A6VQCQQRR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EK6A6VQC","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"23b2e4eac5e4c349a6511ff4ebebd6bf43b0e747ed468de348c4cb589d736519","abstract_canon_sha256":"cde15a32e4436c929934e8bf1e20a032f2a2f4e53b0585333c5f9d7c5dc7bdb2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"22bc0f560284231022e534b144f0875752dfe9f1f7c2aef2fdc8213902834a3a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916535Z","signature_b64":"APfe9OuuDECNAjKVvFvOOM+gKtJIY2hgUD4VxTypr0ZKULRDdD/8SirjgwQXlGiR/4XtHxD0Ty4gDNRPbbtGAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"22bc0f560284231022e534b144f0875752dfe9f1f7c2aef2fdc8213902834a3a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916061Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916061Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.08007","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LB0fnzQxDLRBmLcd7GTmxMq8kkJH2ZNd5xP34l5bem61k6jwFl10KfxfC+JILqEDhN+7CO8Q8znPJdONbQOeDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T14:12:17.127838Z"},"content_sha256":"fc2e73bb7e4e0c21c2362e07635bb3816104f9ae2f660a2243a675dddc184f5e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc2e73bb7e4e0c21c2362e07635bb3816104f9ae2f660a2243a675dddc184f5e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Benjamin K. Bergen, Cameron R. Jones","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"We evaluated 3 systems (ELIZA, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in a randomized, controlled, and preregistered Turing test. Human participants had a 5 minute conversation with either a human or an AI, and judged whether or not they thought their interlocutor was human. GPT-4 was judged to be a human 54% of the time, outperforming ELIZA (22%) but lagging behind actual humans (67%). The results provide the first robust empirical demonstration that any artificial system passes an interactive 2-player Turing test. The results have implications for debates around machine intelligence and, more urgently, suggest "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.08007/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pPWbP0J5ozmPim02qR8NKv8/G+K+vj6/eFFMKlxqgYbcx+4g+BJA01mP+5M2uEBxxTHopo7do2L7aAGJMZwxCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T14:12:17.128359Z"},"content_sha256":"777aad68bf0b0ba3eb1745f4d21e4521a4ea3bfc119e07a1937ea951b1a2169b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:777aad68bf0b0ba3eb1745f4d21e4521a4ea3bfc119e07a1937ea951b1a2169b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T14:12:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXFGSYUJ4EHK5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cde15a32e4436c929934e8bf1e20a032f2a2f4e53b0585333c5f9d7c5dc7bdb2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"23b2e4eac5e4c349a6511ff4ebebd6bf43b0e747ed468de348c4cb589d736519"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.08007","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.08007v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.08007","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EK6A6VQCQQRR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EK6A6VQCQQRRAIXF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EK6A6VQC","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:777aad68bf0b0ba3eb1745f4d21e4521a4ea3bfc119e07a1937ea951b1a2169b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.08007/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We evaluated 3 systems (ELIZA, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in a randomized, controlled, and preregistered Turing test. Human participants had a 5 minute conversation with either a human or an AI, and judged whether or not they thought their interlocutor was human. GPT-4 was judged to be a human 54% of the time, outperforming ELIZA (22%) but lagging behind actual humans (67%). The results provide the first robust empirical demonstration that any artificial system passes an interactive 2-player Turing test. The results have implications for debates around machine intelligence and, more urgently, suggest ","authors_text":"Benjamin K. Bergen, Cameron R. Jones","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","title":"People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fc2e73bb7e4e0c21c2362e07635bb3816104f9ae2f660a2243a675dddc184f5e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cde15a32e4436c929934e8bf1e20a032f2a2f4e53b0585333c5f9d7c5dc7bdb2","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-05-09T04:14:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"23b2e4eac5e4c349a6511ff4ebebd6bf43b0e747ed468de348c4cb589d736519"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.08007","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"22bc0f560284231022e534b144f0875752dfe9f1f7c2aef2fdc8213902834a3a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"22bc0f560284231022e534b144f0875752dfe9f1f7c2aef2fdc8213902834a3a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916061Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916061Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"APfe9OuuDECNAjKVvFvOOM+gKtJIY2hgUD4VxTypr0ZKULRDdD/8SirjgwQXlGiR/4XtHxD0Ty4gDNRPbbtGAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:18:53.916535Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.08007","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fc2e73bb7e4e0c21c2362e07635bb3816104f9ae2f660a2243a675dddc184f5e","sha256:777aad68bf0b0ba3eb1745f4d21e4521a4ea3bfc119e07a1937ea951b1a2169b"],"state_sha256":"9c15a900c307c66464821c1e0939982ab31576324d25e4ae17fc7d2688831767"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FemSMCZIJpRqRBSSlk+pS4WCliVdcwPEQjuqgwkBG4pGnj3M6zceEl+iZGk7C86prfH2hCO9019tWgjZBW27Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T14:12:17.132896Z","bundle_sha256":"eee1faee5f53146d020641b8724e2f2ede53abe3f205dc3de8bbd746e0cb0abf"}}