{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ELLASEOTYR4QH66OLLOQFIRAWH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24a370dde3b24a92a7f63ed3aa408617d4bcba8553b23a5229bc6eb5372ef4fa","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2021-11-18T00:22:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d9ae015692f0ceec1b49081593cfcfb4f2f94692bae17dd6ba91f3cf0b358691"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.09457","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.09457","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.09457v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.09457","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ELLASEOTYR4Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ELLASEOTYR4QH66O","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ELLASEOT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:80221ecba81ce5e359253acea44b7006a104c5a0dfffbabf98638fc6eda548be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.09457/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work we shall address the ghost issue of $F\\left( R,\\mathcal{G} \\right)$ gravity, which is known to be plagued with ghost degrees of freedom. These ghosts occur due to the presence of higher than two derivatives in the field equations, and can arise even when considering cosmological perturbations, where superluminal modes may arise in the theory. If we consider the quantum theory, the ghosts generate the negative norm states, which give the negative probabilities, and therefore the ghosts are physically inconsistent. Motivated by the importance of $F\\left( R,\\mathcal{G} \\right)$ gravi","authors_text":"Arkady A. Popov, S.D. Odintsov, S. Nojiri, V.K. Oikonomou","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2021-11-18T00:22:08Z","title":"Ghost-free $F\\left( R,\\mathcal{G} \\right)$ Gravity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.09457","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3c813c7711b9e94b3df2572723c28c247ce8d037bc8d85e52b3cc72e79016785","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24a370dde3b24a92a7f63ed3aa408617d4bcba8553b23a5229bc6eb5372ef4fa","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2021-11-18T00:22:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"d9ae015692f0ceec1b49081593cfcfb4f2f94692bae17dd6ba91f3cf0b358691"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.09457","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"22d60911d3c47903fbce5add02a220b1cadcef39b2ae2b8d05ac8c63a0652709","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"22d60911d3c47903fbce5add02a220b1cadcef39b2ae2b8d05ac8c63a0652709","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11.810154Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11.810154Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pxSNXGkKgHMG7Ztc9aCNncpmWbXqjQa/vYoiszCk8y55Xcu40fcT8ZK04LyAEWsN3VJdyjtGU1NUxloml1/2Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:33:11.810672Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.09457","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3c813c7711b9e94b3df2572723c28c247ce8d037bc8d85e52b3cc72e79016785","sha256:80221ecba81ce5e359253acea44b7006a104c5a0dfffbabf98638fc6eda548be"],"state_sha256":"84cd0f252a33b8d65e2beb67a9afa700604a8fd49468e10c2af91ffda305e637"}