{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL","short_pith_number":"pith:ELP6DK5S","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"22dfe1abb2b29eed6c185453ab5e6d6ac3c58b065ff8eb232d7841602a80a9d3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.02421","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Observation of Wannier-Stark localization at the surface of BaTiO$_3$ films by photoemission","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Andrew P. Weber, Christian Wessler, J. Hugo Dil, Mauro Fanciulli, Milan Radovic, Nicholas C. Plumb, Nicolas Pilet, Stefan Muff, Zhiming Wang, Zoran Ristic","submitted_at":"2017-10-06T14:28:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization of charge carriers is typically impossible in single-crystals, because an electric field higher than the breakdown voltage is required. In BaTiO$_3$ however, high intrinsic electric fields are present due to its ferroelectric properties. With angle-resolved photoemission we directly probe the Wannier-Stark localized surface states of the BaTiO$_3$ film-vacuum interface and show that this effect extends to thin SrTiO$_3$ overlayers. The electrons are found to be localized along the in-plane polarization direction of the BaTiO$_3$ "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.02421","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2017-10-06T14:28:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d8e83cafa527c68ee6a571e1f423ebc4c2d4c78da088b4810d5b15f03cd1200","abstract_canon_sha256":"9923e915dcb762c87af2e22a6c7de15bad875cad753b5e367c7cd62ffbc0f4b1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.663371Z","signature_b64":"lrxeJiOMbdA8LWqVsRZATweaAfxjvJjpLfHK52fqoImIY+pFSQ8JyKpnNy8mnS5rvv9z4gAF9Fb7EQu3GciTBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"22dfe1abb2b29eed6c185453ab5e6d6ac3c58b065ff8eb232d7841602a80a9d3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662828Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662828Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Observation of Wannier-Stark localization at the surface of BaTiO$_3$ films by photoemission","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Andrew P. Weber, Christian Wessler, J. Hugo Dil, Mauro Fanciulli, Milan Radovic, Nicholas C. Plumb, Nicolas Pilet, Stefan Muff, Zhiming Wang, Zoran Ristic","submitted_at":"2017-10-06T14:28:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization of charge carriers is typically impossible in single-crystals, because an electric field higher than the breakdown voltage is required. In BaTiO$_3$ however, high intrinsic electric fields are present due to its ferroelectric properties. With angle-resolved photoemission we directly probe the Wannier-Stark localized surface states of the BaTiO$_3$ film-vacuum interface and show that this effect extends to thin SrTiO$_3$ overlayers. The electrons are found to be localized along the in-plane polarization direction of the BaTiO$_3$ "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.02421","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.02421","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662895+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.02421v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662895+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.02421","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662895+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ELP6DK5SWKPO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12.930513+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ELP6DK5SWKPO23AY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12.930513+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ELP6DK5S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12.930513+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL","json":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ELP6DK5S"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ELP6DK5S","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1710.02421&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/ELP6DK5SWKPO23AYKRJ2WXTNNL/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662895+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:19.662895+00:00"}