{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX","short_pith_number":"pith:ELR4S2KJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3d3d31229f1b82f9bcb2bcc665108478c61280673487770b10bf3d9c88b94b1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cadf3828a040e9e4516bf6d6689f7a9bf41a378ec04fe5642d794664179b9501"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"22e3c96949079231d71715f82bddeb7dea5d3b2645e61ec515dfb04272f46ee8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.4688","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.4688","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.4688v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.4688","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJA6JD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3d3d31229f1b82f9bcb2bcc665108478c61280673487770b10bf3d9c88b94b1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"cadf3828a040e9e4516bf6d6689f7a9bf41a378ec04fe5642d794664179b9501"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"22e3c96949079231d71715f82bddeb7dea5d3b2645e61ec515dfb04272f46ee8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.874217Z","signature_b64":"++B7pToxvDAI2mDhKc0Gjn79p01PSanfe15TB4kgJkglVxrLVLza86g/naeZ56+Jaj2vgvavaaXJ3CUsQT3EDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"22e3c96949079231d71715f82bddeb7dea5d3b2645e61ec515dfb04272f46ee8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.873649Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.873649Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.4688","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rBxD1beJN1wudJbyrydNpbohfLFl9ScNeW8sXBlosCFU0eVHIQ2bflGIYlo0TmtVX8BTDAR1uBe+g2ezJHFgDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:16.891568Z"},"content_sha256":"fb7a4a3094bbe47940279c6f89d5b5267e9d89fa9dd02effb1d90978c9ae0591","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb7a4a3094bbe47940279c6f89d5b5267e9d89fa9dd02effb1d90978c9ae0591"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The First Stars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Daniel J. Whalen","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pop III stars are the key to the character of primeval galaxies, the first heavy elements, the onset of cosmological reionization, and the seeds of supermassive black holes. Unfortunately, in spite of their increasing sophistication, numerical models of Pop III star formation cannot yet predict the masses of the first stars. Because they lie at the edge of the observable universe, individual Pop III stars will also remain beyond the reach of telescopes for the foreseeable future, and so their properties remain unknown. However, it will soon be possible to constrain their masses by the direct d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BT/OKw161WcXZci1Dd5z4WVf8lTVe86bDiwSGUdcAuZr7VZ4Q4AcAF7TJS8t2s+nUBFLrXXmra4kQUVNrZFYAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:16.891911Z"},"content_sha256":"bb95a755993c411cd6b3a1f8ff11a2919ff8d1581e49d724bda6cd42b979fb18","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb95a755993c411cd6b3a1f8ff11a2919ff8d1581e49d724bda6cd42b979fb18"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYXCX4CXXPLPX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cadf3828a040e9e4516bf6d6689f7a9bf41a378ec04fe5642d794664179b9501","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"3d3d31229f1b82f9bcb2bcc665108478c61280673487770b10bf3d9c88b94b1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.4688","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.4688v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.4688","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJA6JD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJA6JDDVYX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ELR4S2KJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bb95a755993c411cd6b3a1f8ff11a2919ff8d1581e49d724bda6cd42b979fb18","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pop III stars are the key to the character of primeval galaxies, the first heavy elements, the onset of cosmological reionization, and the seeds of supermassive black holes. Unfortunately, in spite of their increasing sophistication, numerical models of Pop III star formation cannot yet predict the masses of the first stars. Because they lie at the edge of the observable universe, individual Pop III stars will also remain beyond the reach of telescopes for the foreseeable future, and so their properties remain unknown. However, it will soon be possible to constrain their masses by the direct d","authors_text":"Daniel J. Whalen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","title":"The First Stars"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fb7a4a3094bbe47940279c6f89d5b5267e9d89fa9dd02effb1d90978c9ae0591","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cadf3828a040e9e4516bf6d6689f7a9bf41a378ec04fe5642d794664179b9501","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-09-21T01:52:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"3d3d31229f1b82f9bcb2bcc665108478c61280673487770b10bf3d9c88b94b1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.4688","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"22e3c96949079231d71715f82bddeb7dea5d3b2645e61ec515dfb04272f46ee8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"22e3c96949079231d71715f82bddeb7dea5d3b2645e61ec515dfb04272f46ee8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.873649Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.873649Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"++B7pToxvDAI2mDhKc0Gjn79p01PSanfe15TB4kgJkglVxrLVLza86g/naeZ56+Jaj2vgvavaaXJ3CUsQT3EDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:42:45.874217Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.4688","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fb7a4a3094bbe47940279c6f89d5b5267e9d89fa9dd02effb1d90978c9ae0591","sha256:bb95a755993c411cd6b3a1f8ff11a2919ff8d1581e49d724bda6cd42b979fb18"],"state_sha256":"2cddd784a54bbd83a9d3edebadced93ad1cbd0564914c442e883c7d35e91ae1d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h43TtauPZwc6jpQGozm/MknFavk+457CrmbVyz4zjosNMGLMADeRboLm0mEwGsNj0AJoPUQ40IGt7wfjpGnDAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T03:00:16.893879Z","bundle_sha256":"37d98cbc6ae3557fe3b17d219b52d543ce5c86e2565bf847c44933017dddf427"}}