{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW","short_pith_number":"pith:EMLSXP5G","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e54db0148bc64202eff66225b1d1937e44d9d30a258ec2ebade68e453d1b8e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"81034490ddb0611364fc7dd3272e173bf81ef650c2f1e60a67598f7a16b4fdc5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23172bbfa663e8af27cb45fc76e31895be92088606ab3f28a7639c79f9926bb2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.08125","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.08125","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.08125v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.08125","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EMLSXP5GMPUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EMLSXP5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e54db0148bc64202eff66225b1d1937e44d9d30a258ec2ebade68e453d1b8e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"81034490ddb0611364fc7dd3272e173bf81ef650c2f1e60a67598f7a16b4fdc5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23172bbfa663e8af27cb45fc76e31895be92088606ab3f28a7639c79f9926bb2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.213371Z","signature_b64":"sP0p8K7oLE4L8jGQjSX/ZfGVpn6H9i2HCUkzrmMx0zGNxeQPJTccLSAeSKrp/P7/8utRYMIzzg9Cyh0mGXr8Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"23172bbfa663e8af27cb45fc76e31895be92088606ab3f28a7639c79f9926bb2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.212653Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.212653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.08125","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9wfzbSKkZzJCni5OxnmP5vYuXmFbJSBZFVVHB6GhF2szylIQbXemQ3MKKsiKC3vzVYq1dkig4dpJ6l4S8p2iAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:13:12.014710Z"},"content_sha256":"ba50fa5938c082e9272d488e29278ce91e29ef84d01ff0f3da8f14a4da3cdf52","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba50fa5938c082e9272d488e29278ce91e29ef84d01ff0f3da8f14a4da3cdf52"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ghost-free theory with third-order time derivatives","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Hayato Motohashi, Masahide Yamaguchi, Teruaki Suyama","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"As the first step to extend our understanding of higher-derivative theories, within the framework of analytic mechanics of point particles, we construct a ghost-free theory involving third-order time derivatives in Lagrangian. While eliminating linear momentum terms in the Hamiltonian is necessary and sufficient to kill the ghosts associated with higher derivatives for Lagrangian with at most second-order derivatives, we find that this is necessary but not sufficient for the Lagrangian with higher than second-order derivatives. We clarify a set of ghost-free conditions under which we show that"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DBjaF09T58wEy/oGwoR73lFm3PwjuzobxTJPlZNQXTwvYffAMJABfgcBmly8ZN6lmH+qcJ7bZ5xdbWwdoJZBAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:13:12.015081Z"},"content_sha256":"958a3c6c2ecc526046adb5478db588288fd88969c910fcf893ff51844ee773c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:958a3c6c2ecc526046adb5478db588288fd88969c910fcf893ff51844ee773c1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T12:13:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6LIX6HNYYYSW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81034490ddb0611364fc7dd3272e173bf81ef650c2f1e60a67598f7a16b4fdc5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e54db0148bc64202eff66225b1d1937e44d9d30a258ec2ebade68e453d1b8e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.08125","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.08125v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.08125","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EMLSXP5GMPUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EMLSXP5GMPUK6J6L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EMLSXP5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:958a3c6c2ecc526046adb5478db588288fd88969c910fcf893ff51844ee773c1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As the first step to extend our understanding of higher-derivative theories, within the framework of analytic mechanics of point particles, we construct a ghost-free theory involving third-order time derivatives in Lagrangian. While eliminating linear momentum terms in the Hamiltonian is necessary and sufficient to kill the ghosts associated with higher derivatives for Lagrangian with at most second-order derivatives, we find that this is necessary but not sufficient for the Lagrangian with higher than second-order derivatives. We clarify a set of ghost-free conditions under which we show that","authors_text":"Hayato Motohashi, Masahide Yamaguchi, Teruaki Suyama","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","title":"Ghost-free theory with third-order time derivatives"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ba50fa5938c082e9272d488e29278ce91e29ef84d01ff0f3da8f14a4da3cdf52","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81034490ddb0611364fc7dd3272e173bf81ef650c2f1e60a67598f7a16b4fdc5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-11-22T04:02:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e54db0148bc64202eff66225b1d1937e44d9d30a258ec2ebade68e453d1b8e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.08125","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"23172bbfa663e8af27cb45fc76e31895be92088606ab3f28a7639c79f9926bb2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"23172bbfa663e8af27cb45fc76e31895be92088606ab3f28a7639c79f9926bb2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.212653Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.212653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sP0p8K7oLE4L8jGQjSX/ZfGVpn6H9i2HCUkzrmMx0zGNxeQPJTccLSAeSKrp/P7/8utRYMIzzg9Cyh0mGXr8Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:52.213371Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.08125","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ba50fa5938c082e9272d488e29278ce91e29ef84d01ff0f3da8f14a4da3cdf52","sha256:958a3c6c2ecc526046adb5478db588288fd88969c910fcf893ff51844ee773c1"],"state_sha256":"4da8f4b48993251fccf68316861e3ce69a6e0b29bc86cf220f2d51d85bd42031"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xfveSy+1uq4jskTPqCJjQgQzDVBIYbjWe5xB7y5iqnFzfdSY0VJ46MAiuh6Hg1QZMTUgGUl2rCjJZ0Z266w8AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:13:12.017154Z","bundle_sha256":"9f7a6c7bb47bdfd6d95ff4da0cbb4b9fae6ccafa05e4d54acb41af8b058282e5"}}