{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF","short_pith_number":"pith:ENHL2HYG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1258d68993d0926e26700ef93f840c27aebbc338aad22d5596245ac2f1dad779","abstract_canon_sha256":"e51023ac0dd9a0e15eaf79822f51d38922accdaeb47be76741f0878c678e06e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"234ebd1f06d56a79ce35aadb2a996a217146dc4f363faa7e6d916177c7c8c8a4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.12340","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12340","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12340v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12340","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG2VVH","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"1258d68993d0926e26700ef93f840c27aebbc338aad22d5596245ac2f1dad779","abstract_canon_sha256":"e51023ac0dd9a0e15eaf79822f51d38922accdaeb47be76741f0878c678e06e6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"234ebd1f06d56a79ce35aadb2a996a217146dc4f363faa7e6d916177c7c8c8a4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821646Z","signature_b64":"vGRkV8njEfrnpq9LCZs/ofMH54HNjOAwK7I1pkinBmSsOeQns39bwegnZFj+/PV5beZUafbhgs8TU4h70WcMDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"234ebd1f06d56a79ce35aadb2a996a217146dc4f363faa7e6d916177c7c8c8a4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821120Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.12340","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZkfgqgnN5rYZPR/RJswERjlxG8tDuSiJiaCsLuaKcEXaKsUnNt4kGNalVBh9hSHiRwRNQJG3gAavP1TI4ux1Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T15:43:45.955453Z"},"content_sha256":"ce998cff63677118a774923aca6e7a22c3b535541f00c3e11a9c9f517a8dc7e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce998cff63677118a774923aca6e7a22c3b535541f00c3e11a9c9f517a8dc7e0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Machine Learning Framework for Biometric Authentication using Electrocardiogram","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Chan Yeob Yeun, Ernesto Damiani, Nai-Wei Lo, Song-Kyoo Kim","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces a framework for how to appropriately adopt and adjust Machine Learning (ML) techniques used to construct Electrocardiogram (ECG) based biometric authentication schemes. The proposed framework can help investigators and developers on ECG based biometric authentication mechanisms define the boundaries of required datasets and get training data with good quality. To determine the boundaries of datasets, use case analysis is adopted. Based on various application scenarios on ECG based authentication, three distinct use cases (or authentication categories) are developed. With "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1903.12340/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z1IgQBGFedqgAx2K5/vB6sNc9/vvX2KMfygqwrl/iN39MRq/qoX09qZWYUfJC3Tb/8/nnhwpj4XwQkbRgUPrCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T15:43:45.955803Z"},"content_sha256":"e02c5c9cdfe20261433df84593f1c31a3d3c596da79178ba96b173cb0e016821","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e02c5c9cdfe20261433df84593f1c31a3d3c596da79178ba96b173cb0e016821"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T15:43:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRVVLNSVGLKEF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e51023ac0dd9a0e15eaf79822f51d38922accdaeb47be76741f0878c678e06e6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"1258d68993d0926e26700ef93f840c27aebbc338aad22d5596245ac2f1dad779"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12340","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12340v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12340","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG2VVH","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG2VVHTTRV","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ENHL2HYG","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e02c5c9cdfe20261433df84593f1c31a3d3c596da79178ba96b173cb0e016821","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1903.12340/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces a framework for how to appropriately adopt and adjust Machine Learning (ML) techniques used to construct Electrocardiogram (ECG) based biometric authentication schemes. The proposed framework can help investigators and developers on ECG based biometric authentication mechanisms define the boundaries of required datasets and get training data with good quality. To determine the boundaries of datasets, use case analysis is adopted. Based on various application scenarios on ECG based authentication, three distinct use cases (or authentication categories) are developed. With ","authors_text":"Chan Yeob Yeun, Ernesto Damiani, Nai-Wei Lo, Song-Kyoo Kim","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","title":"A Machine Learning Framework for Biometric Authentication using Electrocardiogram"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ce998cff63677118a774923aca6e7a22c3b535541f00c3e11a9c9f517a8dc7e0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e51023ac0dd9a0e15eaf79822f51d38922accdaeb47be76741f0878c678e06e6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-03-29T03:27:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"1258d68993d0926e26700ef93f840c27aebbc338aad22d5596245ac2f1dad779"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12340","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"234ebd1f06d56a79ce35aadb2a996a217146dc4f363faa7e6d916177c7c8c8a4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"234ebd1f06d56a79ce35aadb2a996a217146dc4f363faa7e6d916177c7c8c8a4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821120Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vGRkV8njEfrnpq9LCZs/ofMH54HNjOAwK7I1pkinBmSsOeQns39bwegnZFj+/PV5beZUafbhgs8TU4h70WcMDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:21.821646Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.12340","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ce998cff63677118a774923aca6e7a22c3b535541f00c3e11a9c9f517a8dc7e0","sha256:e02c5c9cdfe20261433df84593f1c31a3d3c596da79178ba96b173cb0e016821"],"state_sha256":"c8abab27c1c354f93c1e3fff4aafa5adde59cb7c7d3c28f8e9f254ac17085cd0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ItOGmkOW9ZXN9UHr/rQY8IhjBtEFbFa4/nyMM1PSMQaI8jg3vqYRUvRquTqhOvkPd9rOaWR1jSzKQUNToVoSAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T15:43:45.959399Z","bundle_sha256":"8863ff267c12edf17da190f561e6a26502b0048eb4c3f8891fc1776fc1ade659"}}