{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY","short_pith_number":"pith:EPU27WWV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b419d7a54fadd820ce8347689a93192ca68e161732f01b89b7571262d9811aa0","abstract_canon_sha256":"9163100b4304777a8b49751869102d7189f9f5dd85d0c3499601a74fd4316191"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23e9afdad5845ad7e472af5a20d7b64600325ce6d56a79b146dc4615c36121fe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.02597","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.02597v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EPU27WWVQRNN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EPU27WWVQRNNPZDS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EPU27WWV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b419d7a54fadd820ce8347689a93192ca68e161732f01b89b7571262d9811aa0","abstract_canon_sha256":"9163100b4304777a8b49751869102d7189f9f5dd85d0c3499601a74fd4316191"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23e9afdad5845ad7e472af5a20d7b64600325ce6d56a79b146dc4615c36121fe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465669Z","signature_b64":"+Oelm2XofRBNwzI2q7Fwz84S/mEeQHKRXXCcF+YxfUrRAlCUpM6rjrnIjqzJgKArzSDjeqeFcGM/laYGIRsOBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"23e9afdad5845ad7e472af5a20d7b64600325ce6d56a79b146dc4615c36121fe","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465059Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465059Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.02597","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7tFcGV5RHw3x/YNTe0yM29GX18WOXuloDg7nYyvpm/BZ64v8ws2aWZyaQ+Jwebo54a5ieUU5V4CzDFFqICeECA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:04:32.235443Z"},"content_sha256":"6db88490822271839306a4a9f3f7ee5bb4e7c32e1ce241f25b62eb62df141d2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6db88490822271839306a4a9f3f7ee5bb4e7c32e1ce241f25b62eb62df141d2b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards an Economic Analysis of Routing in Payment Channel Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CE","authors_text":"Christof Weinhardt, Felix Engelmann, Florian Glaser, Frank Kargl, Henning Kopp","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Payment channel networks are supposed to overcome technical scalability limitations of blockchain infrastructure by employing a special overlay network with fast payment confirmation and only sporadic settlement of netted transactions on the blockchain. However, they introduce economic routing constraints that limit decentralized scalability and are currently not well understood. In this paper, we model the economic incentives for participants in payment channel networks. We provide the first formal model of payment channel economics and analyze how the cheapest path can be found. Additionally"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OrOlR3BPx2hjKQruJnEo+CsiIXvPYoiOgvzGxvdrKNhDKeSgecD0RTyPkyZ0Uc22grRdXjG4D2MVASmtDy9BAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:04:32.235819Z"},"content_sha256":"8006e65d8b3c101b3e288b93f98b6728938aead5c668e4db252dec0a58943e69","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8006e65d8b3c101b3e288b93f98b6728938aead5c668e4db252dec0a58943e69"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T17:04:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EPU27WWVQRNNPZDSV5NCBV5WIY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9163100b4304777a8b49751869102d7189f9f5dd85d0c3499601a74fd4316191","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"b419d7a54fadd820ce8347689a93192ca68e161732f01b89b7571262d9811aa0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.02597v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EPU27WWVQRNN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EPU27WWVQRNNPZDS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EPU27WWV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8006e65d8b3c101b3e288b93f98b6728938aead5c668e4db252dec0a58943e69","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Payment channel networks are supposed to overcome technical scalability limitations of blockchain infrastructure by employing a special overlay network with fast payment confirmation and only sporadic settlement of netted transactions on the blockchain. However, they introduce economic routing constraints that limit decentralized scalability and are currently not well understood. In this paper, we model the economic incentives for participants in payment channel networks. We provide the first formal model of payment channel economics and analyze how the cheapest path can be found. Additionally","authors_text":"Christof Weinhardt, Felix Engelmann, Florian Glaser, Frank Kargl, Henning Kopp","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","title":"Towards an Economic Analysis of Routing in Payment Channel Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6db88490822271839306a4a9f3f7ee5bb4e7c32e1ce241f25b62eb62df141d2b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9163100b4304777a8b49751869102d7189f9f5dd85d0c3499601a74fd4316191","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-11-07T16:37:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"b419d7a54fadd820ce8347689a93192ca68e161732f01b89b7571262d9811aa0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"23e9afdad5845ad7e472af5a20d7b64600325ce6d56a79b146dc4615c36121fe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"23e9afdad5845ad7e472af5a20d7b64600325ce6d56a79b146dc4615c36121fe","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465059Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465059Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+Oelm2XofRBNwzI2q7Fwz84S/mEeQHKRXXCcF+YxfUrRAlCUpM6rjrnIjqzJgKArzSDjeqeFcGM/laYGIRsOBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:07.465669Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.02597","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6db88490822271839306a4a9f3f7ee5bb4e7c32e1ce241f25b62eb62df141d2b","sha256:8006e65d8b3c101b3e288b93f98b6728938aead5c668e4db252dec0a58943e69"],"state_sha256":"d6d04b190049a2d8c3f7b5848c7be39f85b5d663ed012590245df133dc0dec92"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SOzFKdGwYKiWznDFG3se2uIc2hojwgr5kx9K+1iQn1UrDfi/+Z0xuqtdH3kiezoJEffYyu+S2q1YdLhVo3D1BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T17:04:32.237783Z","bundle_sha256":"d7000e9df38316fffe3d64133ad911b78b7cd1526324234a5f0b9cfe46844773"}}