{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:EQJSNGHGCDUQJBYJBFBZRLC5MQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bafa32b9745459f3e8ead1bff16851ea5d63999960abeccad30b7840a628dd34","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-29T20:00:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8c68e7fe6904a1764d89ea335dd42da0b1947ac9160b856c4d0ef0a3deac163"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.8291","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.8291","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.8291v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.8291","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EQJSNGHGCDUQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EQJSNGHGCDUQJBYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EQJSNGHG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:212ba387d0d21301bfcf4d7902be64bc81828ae013e237fd20f34fa223a591e5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use kinetic hybrid simulations (kinetic ions - fluid electrons) to characterize the fraction of ions that are accelerated to non-thermal energies at non-relativistic collisionless shocks. We investigate the properties of the shock discontinuity and show that shocks propagating almost along the background magnetic field (quasi-parallel shocks) reform quasi-periodically on ion cyclotron scales. Ions that impinge on the shock when the discontinuity is the steepest are specularly reflected. This is a necessary condition for being injected, but it is not sufficient. Also by following the traject","authors_text":"Ana-Roxana Pop, Anatoly Spitkovsky (Princeton University), Damiano Caprioli","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-29T20:00:16Z","title":"Simulations and Theory of Ion Injection at Non-relativistic Collisionless Shocks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.8291","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5841382c329208897f08d1ea482aef386a4b2d49e2744d4b8afb9a389b871be9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bafa32b9745459f3e8ead1bff16851ea5d63999960abeccad30b7840a628dd34","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-09-29T20:00:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8c68e7fe6904a1764d89ea335dd42da0b1947ac9160b856c4d0ef0a3deac163"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.8291","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"24132698e610e9048709094398ac5d641d923a4f4fa18265a7028221c8d17968","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"24132698e610e9048709094398ac5d641d923a4f4fa18265a7028221c8d17968","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54.285485Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54.285485Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"snNlZdFSFy7e9bPyAp6BKNs6zHX+d93lRxYG3s5gVX0Q9LZUG+LQMxRYSkXy83R6ip9d9KyEjWb8t95mVYyjDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:54.286236Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.8291","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5841382c329208897f08d1ea482aef386a4b2d49e2744d4b8afb9a389b871be9","sha256:212ba387d0d21301bfcf4d7902be64bc81828ae013e237fd20f34fa223a591e5"],"state_sha256":"5cf8ab95b205d198a3e03434e2ed487860d68793255a692bcbe61d4caf10e075"}