{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM","short_pith_number":"pith:EQWL7VA7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d0410f058ed4ada25e35ac9b275bdeaeaa2717ef51f4d3357a94347bae2de069","abstract_canon_sha256":"66c99c8bc43198b5743c2742bd664811008813dd1ada510404ecd3e50b8a14d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"242cbfd41fe78987b02ab4b1cba2394b1cb8914b1897dda56a77136bf87a5e93","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.10899","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.10899","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.10899v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.10899","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EQWL7VA746EY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EQWL7VA746EYPMBK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EQWL7VA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d0410f058ed4ada25e35ac9b275bdeaeaa2717ef51f4d3357a94347bae2de069","abstract_canon_sha256":"66c99c8bc43198b5743c2742bd664811008813dd1ada510404ecd3e50b8a14d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"242cbfd41fe78987b02ab4b1cba2394b1cb8914b1897dda56a77136bf87a5e93","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330638Z","signature_b64":"E0RF6/TqCxknj2fimvW4lHpnnrXN3IuZmAyKLQHg5vsKFxUR49ad5jwVSijiUnAghhVHebPiJwxYO0yH48s9Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"242cbfd41fe78987b02ab4b1cba2394b1cb8914b1897dda56a77136bf87a5e93","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330158Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330158Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.10899","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HtsFZ+zIMuOI8POcQr13v29LA+7/xiZdwpvXvFzmmGIHj7GqBY+9hB1I1XOKJfUf3Os8yAKQ4rIxsAdX6d+tCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:38:07.213710Z"},"content_sha256":"bfbdb2c6ebb1d2596fd47140429ff5a81962310df5fb39baee9d57e85a687016","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfbdb2c6ebb1d2596fd47140429ff5a81962310df5fb39baee9d57e85a687016"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Critical Evaluation of Failure in a Nearshore Outsourcing Project: What dilemma analysis can tell us","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Bilal Raza, Stephen G. MacDonell, Tony Clear","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Global Software Engineering (GSE) research contains few examples consciously applying what Glass and colleagues have termed an 'evaluative-critical' approach. In this study we apply dilemma analysis to conduct a critical review of a major (and ongoing) nearshore Business Process Outsourcing project in New Zealand. The project has become so troubled that a Government Minister has recently been assigned responsibility for troubleshooting it. The 'Novopay' project concerns the implementation of a nationwide payroll system responsible for the payment of some 110,000 teachers and education sector s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.10899/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q84WK5wvmCgL2s92Nm6weOWyuS4TtGyu5WP1s1jZTspSgfMOUCM2NUR31fUKzuNNSHYPkT/d9WEkbOm1IwcFAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:38:07.214245Z"},"content_sha256":"96134509cc689a783a37639273a0f7ec84fecc5d4479f4a9587706eac78a8686","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:96134509cc689a783a37639273a0f7ec84fecc5d4479f4a9587706eac78a8686"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T01:38:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EQWL7VA746EYPMBKWSY4XIRZJM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66c99c8bc43198b5743c2742bd664811008813dd1ada510404ecd3e50b8a14d6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"d0410f058ed4ada25e35ac9b275bdeaeaa2717ef51f4d3357a94347bae2de069"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.10899","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.10899v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.10899","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EQWL7VA746EY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EQWL7VA746EYPMBK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EQWL7VA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:96134509cc689a783a37639273a0f7ec84fecc5d4479f4a9587706eac78a8686","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.10899/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Global Software Engineering (GSE) research contains few examples consciously applying what Glass and colleagues have termed an 'evaluative-critical' approach. In this study we apply dilemma analysis to conduct a critical review of a major (and ongoing) nearshore Business Process Outsourcing project in New Zealand. The project has become so troubled that a Government Minister has recently been assigned responsibility for troubleshooting it. The 'Novopay' project concerns the implementation of a nationwide payroll system responsible for the payment of some 110,000 teachers and education sector s","authors_text":"Bilal Raza, Stephen G. MacDonell, Tony Clear","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","title":"A Critical Evaluation of Failure in a Nearshore Outsourcing Project: What dilemma analysis can tell us"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bfbdb2c6ebb1d2596fd47140429ff5a81962310df5fb39baee9d57e85a687016","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66c99c8bc43198b5743c2742bd664811008813dd1ada510404ecd3e50b8a14d6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2021-05-23T09:51:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"d0410f058ed4ada25e35ac9b275bdeaeaa2717ef51f4d3357a94347bae2de069"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.10899","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"242cbfd41fe78987b02ab4b1cba2394b1cb8914b1897dda56a77136bf87a5e93","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"242cbfd41fe78987b02ab4b1cba2394b1cb8914b1897dda56a77136bf87a5e93","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330158Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330158Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"E0RF6/TqCxknj2fimvW4lHpnnrXN3IuZmAyKLQHg5vsKFxUR49ad5jwVSijiUnAghhVHebPiJwxYO0yH48s9Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:42:33.330638Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.10899","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bfbdb2c6ebb1d2596fd47140429ff5a81962310df5fb39baee9d57e85a687016","sha256:96134509cc689a783a37639273a0f7ec84fecc5d4479f4a9587706eac78a8686"],"state_sha256":"62b63f8773104178caf28a5fa79ff726f54e7fe33a144b536e7a8fdbc4f3dcd5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0UQvDwS7uYbxGqVaKGmjBBRbaZggJKNezl9CRRFi6lREtRBBZ5TtlGPYLeThq8poFomxBCVRb6TmuL0QpnwcDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:38:07.220434Z","bundle_sha256":"6845e4c12c09a77aea1d8c5fbb649f13508ab2d079f39f68a32d44cd52b7048e"}}