{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3","short_pith_number":"pith:ERDYTTJE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a30037920a0d33f6043a08548e7c72fefe3d090e7f6847c84f02706bd87c506e","abstract_canon_sha256":"4e8ef14c528c5ab89181f4c6391bc0adbbc790dbef0fb3a3590f77152a68e4f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"244789cd2488b8e53bdebafd2b970f96e4e34ef3bad1b06fccafbff05f6c9722","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.05899","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.05899","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.05899v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.05899","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ERDYTTJERC4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ERDYTTJERC4OKO66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ERDYTTJE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a30037920a0d33f6043a08548e7c72fefe3d090e7f6847c84f02706bd87c506e","abstract_canon_sha256":"4e8ef14c528c5ab89181f4c6391bc0adbbc790dbef0fb3a3590f77152a68e4f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"244789cd2488b8e53bdebafd2b970f96e4e34ef3bad1b06fccafbff05f6c9722","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670750Z","signature_b64":"pP0v5qH+CK+RM5niheF/F2of3cl5TotLDYZgtfKmggaDfZgyiJ+L0YvD/UfHephAkxVzVIvzj14JjUoUs/wHDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"244789cd2488b8e53bdebafd2b970f96e4e34ef3bad1b06fccafbff05f6c9722","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670122Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.05899","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nGkBQL4cN5ae3MNpZ5qk4IGtLHU49bcMqjrsswIt22YPAxwTc5imobWTzoMAJH0A2XYOY7t7WofoH1yq6KRZBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T22:41:39.940877Z"},"content_sha256":"9b23dbe68b41c1077238d3fc23e2710bd7e741ada5b4651aed20f36422872f17","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b23dbe68b41c1077238d3fc23e2710bd7e741ada5b4651aed20f36422872f17"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Enhancing the Open-Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells by up to 120 mV using {\\pi}-Extended Phosphoniumfluorene Electrolytes as Hole Blocking Layers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Andreas Weu, A. Stephen K. Hashmi, David Becker-Koch, Fabian Paulus, Fabian Stuck, Nir Tessler, Qing Sun, Qingzhi An, Sebastian Arndt, Yana Vaynzof","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Four {\\pi}-extended phosphoniumfluorene electrolytes ({\\pi}-PFEs) are introduced as hole-blocking layers (HBL) in inverted architecture planar perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/HBL/Ag. The deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the {\\pi}-PFEs effectively blocks holes, decreasing contact recombination. We demonstrate that the incorporation of {\\pi}-PFEs introduces a dipole moment at the PCBM/Ag interface, resulting in a significant enhancement of the built-in potential of the device. This enhancement results in an increa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2oMc2KPhiktn0uVgiiz/pDQLoaMGeDMf0WfMhtpR9O/KJ998SlCcAl+tv+ksalAUbjTbH7+UJEbfKCQe281OAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T22:41:39.941220Z"},"content_sha256":"99630daaba8b8ee826f2faa803908b723e05c0099fea36f0c3c5fd1ad72bc50e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:99630daaba8b8ee826f2faa803908b723e05c0099fea36f0c3c5fd1ad72bc50e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T22:41:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ERDYTTJERC4OKO66XL6SXFYPS3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e8ef14c528c5ab89181f4c6391bc0adbbc790dbef0fb3a3590f77152a68e4f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a30037920a0d33f6043a08548e7c72fefe3d090e7f6847c84f02706bd87c506e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.05899","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.05899v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.05899","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ERDYTTJERC4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ERDYTTJERC4OKO66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ERDYTTJE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:99630daaba8b8ee826f2faa803908b723e05c0099fea36f0c3c5fd1ad72bc50e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Four {\\pi}-extended phosphoniumfluorene electrolytes ({\\pi}-PFEs) are introduced as hole-blocking layers (HBL) in inverted architecture planar perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/HBL/Ag. The deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the {\\pi}-PFEs effectively blocks holes, decreasing contact recombination. We demonstrate that the incorporation of {\\pi}-PFEs introduces a dipole moment at the PCBM/Ag interface, resulting in a significant enhancement of the built-in potential of the device. This enhancement results in an increa","authors_text":"Andreas Weu, A. Stephen K. Hashmi, David Becker-Koch, Fabian Paulus, Fabian Stuck, Nir Tessler, Qing Sun, Qingzhi An, Sebastian Arndt, Yana Vaynzof","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","title":"Enhancing the Open-Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells by up to 120 mV using {\\pi}-Extended Phosphoniumfluorene Electrolytes as Hole Blocking Layers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9b23dbe68b41c1077238d3fc23e2710bd7e741ada5b4651aed20f36422872f17","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4e8ef14c528c5ab89181f4c6391bc0adbbc790dbef0fb3a3590f77152a68e4f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T19:12:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"a30037920a0d33f6043a08548e7c72fefe3d090e7f6847c84f02706bd87c506e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.05899","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"244789cd2488b8e53bdebafd2b970f96e4e34ef3bad1b06fccafbff05f6c9722","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"244789cd2488b8e53bdebafd2b970f96e4e34ef3bad1b06fccafbff05f6c9722","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670122Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pP0v5qH+CK+RM5niheF/F2of3cl5TotLDYZgtfKmggaDfZgyiJ+L0YvD/UfHephAkxVzVIvzj14JjUoUs/wHDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:22.670750Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.05899","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9b23dbe68b41c1077238d3fc23e2710bd7e741ada5b4651aed20f36422872f17","sha256:99630daaba8b8ee826f2faa803908b723e05c0099fea36f0c3c5fd1ad72bc50e"],"state_sha256":"c77d6628f0dfd75176adc8b572bd1ac491cc90863aa850fe5ed1038693297b4c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NsH55gnQML69LRWJzmMFwU7jolqGx8Yz/Ezy/3wVx7JArFcaEVkJAHLiLIZLkeTXn1HXmwjF5zSK1L+eWU4jDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T22:41:39.943144Z","bundle_sha256":"138bc33eab4f48330538048da8d105cc27c14acfc498aa78c7a23a981ae7cb77"}}