{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF","short_pith_number":"pith:ERZOW3RI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"dc350a17c162f29aea8c05733d4d75093039a199970348a191e23446e413b436","abstract_canon_sha256":"247279cbd8293d0a92fa66a519bd76689899443ea679aa289752b987c5b81e10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2472eb6e284727bc5f766fafe26e3e7140f9f68399f562c81bde4bdd8ed01b92","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.09410","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.09410","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.09410v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.09410","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ERZOW3RII4T3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ERZOW3RII4T3YX3W","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ERZOW3RI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"dc350a17c162f29aea8c05733d4d75093039a199970348a191e23446e413b436","abstract_canon_sha256":"247279cbd8293d0a92fa66a519bd76689899443ea679aa289752b987c5b81e10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2472eb6e284727bc5f766fafe26e3e7140f9f68399f562c81bde4bdd8ed01b92","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.305309Z","signature_b64":"PkGlboM1KepbJqOISg1aBQR8qGiDq88v8ntO8jleLlXIDOWzzwLn9Gs+xGXY1cj4JhkxTsvmfhf8BLv1CXUIDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2472eb6e284727bc5f766fafe26e3e7140f9f68399f562c81bde4bdd8ed01b92","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.304836Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.304836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.09410","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P5/9r2ky6v4AFFYNQCvmRurqKd7jng9rTWux4ULi4GxfSpdh3bKRQY95DLTMcDOfl6wtWgm11jq3GKg0PawjCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:11:34.129318Z"},"content_sha256":"a784a2ef927a4f36b3bf4cc0523045ee5cee03cbcdab7e1bff66233d625a7501","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a784a2ef927a4f36b3bf4cc0523045ee5cee03cbcdab7e1bff66233d625a7501"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Large Language Models contradict humans? Large Language Models' Sycophantic Behaviour","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Giulia Pucci, Leonardo Ranaldi","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models have been demonstrating broadly satisfactory generative abilities for users, which seems to be due to the intensive use of human feedback that refines responses. Nevertheless, suggestibility inherited via human feedback improves the inclination to produce answers corresponding to users' viewpoints. This behaviour is known as sycophancy and depicts the tendency of LLMs to generate misleading responses as long as they align with humans. This phenomenon induces bias and reduces the robustness and, consequently, the reliability of these models. In this paper, we study the sug"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.09410/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UqizaYMjkh7/khJ5Y6oZgDXTUDZuJged+i2jQ+g9Dx1eafmrid+X93vMiDg136uh7wtQA5PUwy00gtemhntrCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:11:34.129720Z"},"content_sha256":"0ebad15cf0165d5aada6121fe978020bf0e92a06c741fe697ce126b656275ee5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ebad15cf0165d5aada6121fe978020bf0e92a06c741fe697ce126b656275ee5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T21:11:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ERZOW3RII4T3YX3WN6X6E3R6OF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"247279cbd8293d0a92fa66a519bd76689899443ea679aa289752b987c5b81e10","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"dc350a17c162f29aea8c05733d4d75093039a199970348a191e23446e413b436"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.09410","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.09410v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.09410","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ERZOW3RII4T3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ERZOW3RII4T3YX3W","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ERZOW3RI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ebad15cf0165d5aada6121fe978020bf0e92a06c741fe697ce126b656275ee5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.09410/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models have been demonstrating broadly satisfactory generative abilities for users, which seems to be due to the intensive use of human feedback that refines responses. Nevertheless, suggestibility inherited via human feedback improves the inclination to produce answers corresponding to users' viewpoints. This behaviour is known as sycophancy and depicts the tendency of LLMs to generate misleading responses as long as they align with humans. This phenomenon induces bias and reduces the robustness and, consequently, the reliability of these models. In this paper, we study the sug","authors_text":"Giulia Pucci, Leonardo Ranaldi","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","title":"When Large Language Models contradict humans? Large Language Models' Sycophantic Behaviour"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a784a2ef927a4f36b3bf4cc0523045ee5cee03cbcdab7e1bff66233d625a7501","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"247279cbd8293d0a92fa66a519bd76689899443ea679aa289752b987c5b81e10","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-15T22:18:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"dc350a17c162f29aea8c05733d4d75093039a199970348a191e23446e413b436"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.09410","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"2472eb6e284727bc5f766fafe26e3e7140f9f68399f562c81bde4bdd8ed01b92","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2472eb6e284727bc5f766fafe26e3e7140f9f68399f562c81bde4bdd8ed01b92","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.304836Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.304836Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PkGlboM1KepbJqOISg1aBQR8qGiDq88v8ntO8jleLlXIDOWzzwLn9Gs+xGXY1cj4JhkxTsvmfhf8BLv1CXUIDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:41.305309Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.09410","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a784a2ef927a4f36b3bf4cc0523045ee5cee03cbcdab7e1bff66233d625a7501","sha256:0ebad15cf0165d5aada6121fe978020bf0e92a06c741fe697ce126b656275ee5"],"state_sha256":"f64557afe0694293ea05ad21cb719315836741ced68e4d21e6ab44caa1ead2f8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"336vZoN9C1uKmwdAWavQfftMKqoqaOXfj3Ta+suIWcvpq5Vj5bzOEuFMCF01Qoj1YlEmGMOcpkbEcyS/nhdxAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:11:34.132064Z","bundle_sha256":"6fce59872e0b08fb4655dc677a6bf0ac9abedd4a442fb10d12df3586e070be1e"}}