{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2013:ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7","short_pith_number":"pith:ES6O26NF","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"24bced79a544185a984951b1f67f8b2ffc2fac8df45c0d6cf5eccd3f2b7688e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.0243","version":5},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Emin Gun Sirer, Ittay Eyal","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T18:15:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom asserts that the protocol is incentive-compatible and secure against colluding minority groups, i.e., it incentivizes miners to follow the protocol as prescribed.\n  We show that the Bitcoin protocol is not incentive-compatible. We present an attack with which colluding miners obtain a revenue larger than their fair share. This attack can have significant conseque"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.0243","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T18:15:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0769df6e524e152e7b635fff9ae86c0ee65733218b8e96569625a2c91b6cc849","abstract_canon_sha256":"95ef0b5621e406657bc9f40f26404bb26a1c946f25f79d31200126b177e54ecf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464849Z","signature_b64":"1Sm52T3lKjTAK8EZQrqjhhuZrkYfe598RUdL5J0knpqC0y2bcDls5f0Q3A1S3M5iG3NSd/FnoS6TJmgumuwOBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"24bced79a544185a984951b1f67f8b2ffc2fac8df45c0d6cf5eccd3f2b7688e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464229Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464229Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Emin Gun Sirer, Ittay Eyal","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T18:15:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom asserts that the protocol is incentive-compatible and secure against colluding minority groups, i.e., it incentivizes miners to follow the protocol as prescribed.\n  We show that the Bitcoin protocol is not incentive-compatible. We present an attack with which colluding miners obtain a revenue larger than their fair share. This attack can have significant conseque"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.0243","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.0243","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464326+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.0243v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464326+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.0243","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464326+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ES6O26NFIQMF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:43.054852+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:43.054852+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ES6O26NF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:43.054852+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7","json":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ES6O26NF"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ES6O26NF","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1311.0243&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/ES6O26NFIQMFVGCJKGY7M74LF7/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464326+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T03:07:03.464326+00:00"}