{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA","short_pith_number":"pith:EUB3PROE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"279c1cb6346fd3359b4bc758f4ff491c14cc57c1b55f36bbd23eeef4e80776e0","abstract_canon_sha256":"c80dd0a1598d56ea4ca1cb59c4fb1c880e94d90221a92d6d31d19ece60d79d84"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2503b7c5c448d87b2c35db58121e81002e99b3d1b6ceb23ade602f8ec042b1b7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.06875","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.06875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.06875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.06875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EUB3PROEJDMH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EUB3PROE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"279c1cb6346fd3359b4bc758f4ff491c14cc57c1b55f36bbd23eeef4e80776e0","abstract_canon_sha256":"c80dd0a1598d56ea4ca1cb59c4fb1c880e94d90221a92d6d31d19ece60d79d84"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2503b7c5c448d87b2c35db58121e81002e99b3d1b6ceb23ade602f8ec042b1b7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.259349Z","signature_b64":"Aei8ANh0Qc79w1wofd9vWFee9cX2BPNJMQTMvjKCWhQ5OsQquAbc4K2IV9/IzeV3xiEvegy9R5zzx/5abCw7Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2503b7c5c448d87b2c35db58121e81002e99b3d1b6ceb23ade602f8ec042b1b7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.258733Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.258733Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.06875","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IAQNvVWHfwccIV4mUkvv3zctg+c8YInrKL5lEg2Y1KvVTJ7ul7Tx+rMwNWpQV5X/Gk4y1ZENf/GWtUcoTJxlCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T00:55:26.852355Z"},"content_sha256":"aa91051784e6a3a28e49749a6ee8e9e5478930e3a8379b63b47774f2382d24d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa91051784e6a3a28e49749a6ee8e9e5478930e3a8379b63b47774f2382d24d5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Understanding all-optical spin switching: Comparison between experiment and theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"G. P. Zhang, Lanzhou University, M. Murakami, M. S. Si, Thomas F. George (Contribution from Indiana State University, University of Missouri-St. Louis), Y. H. Bai","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Information technology depends on how one can control and manipulate signals accurately and quickly. Transistors are at the core of modern technology and are based on electron charges. But as the device dimension shrinks, heating becomes a major problem. The spintronics explores the spin degree of electrons and thus bypasses the heat, at least in principle. For this reason, spin-based technology offers a possible solution. In this review, we survey some of latest developments in all-optical switching (AOS), where ultrafast laser pulses are able to reverse spins from one direction to the other "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0Xrs8Z93QAS2McXevXUrMiT5Ay6Z9hqawAP4hJGt2GEK+l6EqXxEv0sFfXpc7jJ7B+qE4LZHCByn7j/Wq9wsCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T00:55:26.852970Z"},"content_sha256":"ee56380faf84b0865560d3c8b6e6db5c208415b897fa6e77c4031f80c8b7dea6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee56380faf84b0865560d3c8b6e6db5c208415b897fa6e77c4031f80c8b7dea6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-21T00:55:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV3NMBEHUBAA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c80dd0a1598d56ea4ca1cb59c4fb1c880e94d90221a92d6d31d19ece60d79d84","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"279c1cb6346fd3359b4bc758f4ff491c14cc57c1b55f36bbd23eeef4e80776e0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.06875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.06875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.06875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EUB3PROEJDMH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EUB3PROEJDMHWLBV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EUB3PROE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ee56380faf84b0865560d3c8b6e6db5c208415b897fa6e77c4031f80c8b7dea6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Information technology depends on how one can control and manipulate signals accurately and quickly. Transistors are at the core of modern technology and are based on electron charges. But as the device dimension shrinks, heating becomes a major problem. The spintronics explores the spin degree of electrons and thus bypasses the heat, at least in principle. For this reason, spin-based technology offers a possible solution. In this review, we survey some of latest developments in all-optical switching (AOS), where ultrafast laser pulses are able to reverse spins from one direction to the other ","authors_text":"G. P. Zhang, Lanzhou University, M. Murakami, M. S. Si, Thomas F. George (Contribution from Indiana State University, University of Missouri-St. Louis), Y. H. Bai","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","title":"Understanding all-optical spin switching: Comparison between experiment and theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:aa91051784e6a3a28e49749a6ee8e9e5478930e3a8379b63b47774f2382d24d5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c80dd0a1598d56ea4ca1cb59c4fb1c880e94d90221a92d6d31d19ece60d79d84","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2018-08-21T12:51:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"279c1cb6346fd3359b4bc758f4ff491c14cc57c1b55f36bbd23eeef4e80776e0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.06875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"2503b7c5c448d87b2c35db58121e81002e99b3d1b6ceb23ade602f8ec042b1b7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2503b7c5c448d87b2c35db58121e81002e99b3d1b6ceb23ade602f8ec042b1b7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.258733Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.258733Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Aei8ANh0Qc79w1wofd9vWFee9cX2BPNJMQTMvjKCWhQ5OsQquAbc4K2IV9/IzeV3xiEvegy9R5zzx/5abCw7Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:15.259349Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.06875","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:aa91051784e6a3a28e49749a6ee8e9e5478930e3a8379b63b47774f2382d24d5","sha256:ee56380faf84b0865560d3c8b6e6db5c208415b897fa6e77c4031f80c8b7dea6"],"state_sha256":"46ca07477b0b12175a4fbf6d151f0527b1dbe7d7db2fd23638cea6b7e5c70e92"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7y33897/CvWSHQP71SKgT5Z5ceCdodcD5iMNZsvXFW0oLR7Ko2HUM673RoZJXOlgfsyEFOWxeWHIZ707UWvACw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-21T00:55:26.856526Z","bundle_sha256":"c9dd3b108413bccd56e93af8985e3bb07882ac9a4cccc17833b61e43c6ed7d58"}}