{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D","short_pith_number":"pith:EWMW4BTK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"48f93ee28c47a074383d18921f01581336d13ac5dd8d7b5a4c539101e15a2da3","abstract_canon_sha256":"8233030b46fdfb0430ace522940b7f4066ceb4962b18327858244ee897544aa3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25996e066ae88bf7e3d818856f1c07f8d81b6b708f4a32f3514b5bff722fac0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.13637","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.13637","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.13637v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.13637","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK5CF7","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"48f93ee28c47a074383d18921f01581336d13ac5dd8d7b5a4c539101e15a2da3","abstract_canon_sha256":"8233030b46fdfb0430ace522940b7f4066ceb4962b18327858244ee897544aa3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25996e066ae88bf7e3d818856f1c07f8d81b6b708f4a32f3514b5bff722fac0d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876823Z","signature_b64":"9yfgH51ob/wAw2tMYLZRorPS62c9e8Pe2xfgNguXyCKf4BafDIBpTsl0Aa8MWjC+fi0pMqvDu0aRLSRpZNkKDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"25996e066ae88bf7e3d818856f1c07f8d81b6b708f4a32f3514b5bff722fac0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876345Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876345Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.13637","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0SF2dS9c5d039Jswi8er5R6dN4dMzF9xi5cdGlv3u+Livdr5nbNT1BOpb89drPjAliA4cCk/wkmf297qWNCRDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:01:58.208219Z"},"content_sha256":"0bb4fe5cca76569c12f737ab8830698bbc45e346e054f5050caee79400c8256e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0bb4fe5cca76569c12f737ab8830698bbc45e346e054f5050caee79400c8256e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When are Deep Networks really better than Decision Forests at small sample sizes, and how?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Carey E. Priebe, Christopher M. White, Florian Engert, Haoyin Xu, Jayanta Dey, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Kaleab A. Kinfu, Madi Kusmanov, Michael Ainsworth, Sambit Panda, Will LeVine, Yu-Chung Peng","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Deep networks and decision forests (such as random forests and gradient boosted trees) are the leading machine learning methods for structured and tabular data, respectively. Many papers have empirically compared large numbers of classifiers on one or two different domains (e.g., on 100 different tabular data settings). However, a careful conceptual and empirical comparison of these two strategies using the most contemporary best practices has yet to be performed. Conceptually, we illustrate that both can be profitably viewed as \"partition and vote\" schemes. Specifically, the representation sp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.13637/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D8hMmJnqxbJZml0hx50Dh5IW5njeC2Ng0K7Prbkthf4gSmle/C30FS8hWiMJHj6eOqIuTuV48iZO6VIgAINjBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:01:58.208614Z"},"content_sha256":"0331d488446b3e5a161c35ebd87a84648b904959410b9d4d4dfb902dd29fb0ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0331d488446b3e5a161c35ebd87a84648b904959410b9d4d4dfb902dd29fb0ec"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T08:01:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6YDCCW6HAH7D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8233030b46fdfb0430ace522940b7f4066ceb4962b18327858244ee897544aa3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"48f93ee28c47a074383d18921f01581336d13ac5dd8d7b5a4c539101e15a2da3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.13637","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.13637v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.13637","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK5CF7","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK5CF7PY6Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EWMW4BTK","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0331d488446b3e5a161c35ebd87a84648b904959410b9d4d4dfb902dd29fb0ec","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.13637/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Deep networks and decision forests (such as random forests and gradient boosted trees) are the leading machine learning methods for structured and tabular data, respectively. Many papers have empirically compared large numbers of classifiers on one or two different domains (e.g., on 100 different tabular data settings). However, a careful conceptual and empirical comparison of these two strategies using the most contemporary best practices has yet to be performed. Conceptually, we illustrate that both can be profitably viewed as \"partition and vote\" schemes. Specifically, the representation sp","authors_text":"Carey E. Priebe, Christopher M. White, Florian Engert, Haoyin Xu, Jayanta Dey, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Kaleab A. Kinfu, Madi Kusmanov, Michael Ainsworth, Sambit Panda, Will LeVine, Yu-Chung Peng","cross_cats":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","title":"When are Deep Networks really better than Decision Forests at small sample sizes, and how?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0bb4fe5cca76569c12f737ab8830698bbc45e346e054f5050caee79400c8256e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8233030b46fdfb0430ace522940b7f4066ceb4962b18327858244ee897544aa3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","q-bio.NC","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-08-31T06:33:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"48f93ee28c47a074383d18921f01581336d13ac5dd8d7b5a4c539101e15a2da3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.13637","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"25996e066ae88bf7e3d818856f1c07f8d81b6b708f4a32f3514b5bff722fac0d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"25996e066ae88bf7e3d818856f1c07f8d81b6b708f4a32f3514b5bff722fac0d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876345Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876345Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9yfgH51ob/wAw2tMYLZRorPS62c9e8Pe2xfgNguXyCKf4BafDIBpTsl0Aa8MWjC+fi0pMqvDu0aRLSRpZNkKDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:28:40.876823Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.13637","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0bb4fe5cca76569c12f737ab8830698bbc45e346e054f5050caee79400c8256e","sha256:0331d488446b3e5a161c35ebd87a84648b904959410b9d4d4dfb902dd29fb0ec"],"state_sha256":"79899fd29c3bfe55f84d17708579312b48ab9d15d060c1301fa66301c05458c2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3Et/C1FRv6wo3AYHNyYFXQnW+az07tX4FUGE8vTd9K9CEYb+rvLWVRU9C6LQL/jd8LJ3uPNqkVMztdzgLd2QCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:01:58.210837Z","bundle_sha256":"d84a61c2107419a19251c03282e2dff5e4d840f4a39fcbb42ad4b49e91b6e6cd"}}