{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS","short_pith_number":"pith:EWXDVQNB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"170449c81ca6b30d77155ac42ccb8ab1ef9ad6579a9051526c4242264fc07289","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d5212563cda9ad3731a52811094378f180fd8277162c3ab165e880096d18df8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25ae3ac1a1ab03530dcf76819f96057cb31b8eeee900d0075f8552039a807347","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.03423","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.03423","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.03423v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.03423","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EWXDVQNBVMBV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EWXDVQNB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"170449c81ca6b30d77155ac42ccb8ab1ef9ad6579a9051526c4242264fc07289","abstract_canon_sha256":"0d5212563cda9ad3731a52811094378f180fd8277162c3ab165e880096d18df8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25ae3ac1a1ab03530dcf76819f96057cb31b8eeee900d0075f8552039a807347","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667976Z","signature_b64":"rC8WFJsVvONKAoiGsgII8eH8fwdSQ9n8Y3rjc9b9I+/wm+iJn4rsYrIlGwB1a407RVDgdgX8uTWPrGlpMNYeCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"25ae3ac1a1ab03530dcf76819f96057cb31b8eeee900d0075f8552039a807347","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667472Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.03423","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Hs3PJc31KGxm8y+CQ0hQpEjGICxm9owT0elB2eEmbktpvFHRDHHoqi/hO68VM1iRSS1rsJuZibY/3wWPXALUCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:09:25.129247Z"},"content_sha256":"07e8d6a0e82764dd3b336951dd499eb2b0d063c871bac25537d3802892116cff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07e8d6a0e82764dd3b336951dd499eb2b0d063c871bac25537d3802892116cff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Wright meets Markowitz: How standard portfolio theory changes when assets are technologies following experience curves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","authors_text":"Fabrizio Lillo, Fran\\c{c}ois Lafond, J. Doyne Farmer, Rupert Way, Valentyn Panchenko","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider how to optimally allocate investments in a portfolio of competing technologies using the standard mean-variance framework of portfolio theory. We assume that technologies follow the empirically observed relationship known as Wright's law, also called a \"learning curve\" or \"experience curve\", which postulates that costs drop as cumulative production increases. This introduces a positive feedback between cost and investment that complicates the portfolio problem, leading to multiple local optima, and causing a trade-off between concentrating investments in one project to spur rapid p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dzOx0nW4SzR8IkATVX+GdZV5/g225MtZQJ2240dNix7qNDcQGeAaVXQ2Owu4uCsQ9QFZ9alJqEjW2pNqzEdnCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:09:25.129883Z"},"content_sha256":"eb72afe23388e404c3d1a927e95e18313caeb444eccbf31545d0bc8759445056","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eb72afe23388e404c3d1a927e95e18313caeb444eccbf31545d0bc8759445056"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T01:09:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOPO2AZ7FQFPS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d5212563cda9ad3731a52811094378f180fd8277162c3ab165e880096d18df8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"170449c81ca6b30d77155ac42ccb8ab1ef9ad6579a9051526c4242264fc07289"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.03423","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.03423v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.03423","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EWXDVQNBVMBV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EWXDVQNBVMBVGDOP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EWXDVQNB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eb72afe23388e404c3d1a927e95e18313caeb444eccbf31545d0bc8759445056","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider how to optimally allocate investments in a portfolio of competing technologies using the standard mean-variance framework of portfolio theory. We assume that technologies follow the empirically observed relationship known as Wright's law, also called a \"learning curve\" or \"experience curve\", which postulates that costs drop as cumulative production increases. This introduces a positive feedback between cost and investment that complicates the portfolio problem, leading to multiple local optima, and causing a trade-off between concentrating investments in one project to spur rapid p","authors_text":"Fabrizio Lillo, Fran\\c{c}ois Lafond, J. Doyne Farmer, Rupert Way, Valentyn Panchenko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","title":"Wright meets Markowitz: How standard portfolio theory changes when assets are technologies following experience curves"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:07e8d6a0e82764dd3b336951dd499eb2b0d063c871bac25537d3802892116cff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0d5212563cda9ad3731a52811094378f180fd8277162c3ab165e880096d18df8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2017-05-09T16:53:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"170449c81ca6b30d77155ac42ccb8ab1ef9ad6579a9051526c4242264fc07289"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.03423","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"25ae3ac1a1ab03530dcf76819f96057cb31b8eeee900d0075f8552039a807347","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"25ae3ac1a1ab03530dcf76819f96057cb31b8eeee900d0075f8552039a807347","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667472Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rC8WFJsVvONKAoiGsgII8eH8fwdSQ9n8Y3rjc9b9I+/wm+iJn4rsYrIlGwB1a407RVDgdgX8uTWPrGlpMNYeCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:18.667976Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.03423","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:07e8d6a0e82764dd3b336951dd499eb2b0d063c871bac25537d3802892116cff","sha256:eb72afe23388e404c3d1a927e95e18313caeb444eccbf31545d0bc8759445056"],"state_sha256":"718ba20b5ea9118207155e71311bdaf4c2480ee550199c1f088b5cd80bd77b7f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0e0PfDGq+J4Mog8WmcRM2zCrgqBmwWaslyJiiOiyfMy0vYO1ZtF4H7sLXgvN4WHIVYEk3VrNMKKrCBsHayjJCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:09:25.132972Z","bundle_sha256":"9e01cbe65aa6189f5c2b4a0ff0a81097500c84242faefdcc6a403b1f794c085a"}}