{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW","short_pith_number":"pith:EXBM7FFM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"faae91fff6b7caac2834a969fc5f9d6d1903474667993263302d1b7a749266d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"224d2f5129cca34d99602a88f606fc2f753d7a863aa74181657e69081666fa59"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25c2cf94acd44d05834e9da861ea6675868eee5f751ba11346bdd1c55aaaa4b7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.15072","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.15072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.15072v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.15072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM2RGQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"faae91fff6b7caac2834a969fc5f9d6d1903474667993263302d1b7a749266d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"224d2f5129cca34d99602a88f606fc2f753d7a863aa74181657e69081666fa59"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"25c2cf94acd44d05834e9da861ea6675868eee5f751ba11346bdd1c55aaaa4b7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715880Z","signature_b64":"savS2N2LpYwODfsroBIFPtDgHEpD5Js/Y3XEKzgKCckZgWLqeqPGCU5dnpfC+Lfribtjmfw+xMBNvm3eBduQAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"25c2cf94acd44d05834e9da861ea6675868eee5f751ba11346bdd1c55aaaa4b7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715443Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715443Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2112.15072","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uXt9sKvMV08O/JbWFtGMH/9PBGEOvaVEFv5cYzPaRReeOOlsTmzuszpPihM3HEk3tA1PSEAu7e9F4l9oJwyUAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T17:01:23.626182Z"},"content_sha256":"669da597f6b9900a0ecf50bf72ab008ccc35c06a4f3c4b28eddba0b4c780396a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:669da597f6b9900a0ecf50bf72ab008ccc35c06a4f3c4b28eddba0b4c780396a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Empirical Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Knowledge Tracing: Of Hyperparameters and Metrics on Performance and Replicability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen, Sami Sarsa","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"We review and evaluate a body of deep learning knowledge tracing (DLKT) models with openly available and widely-used data sets, and with a novel data set of students learning to program. The evaluated knowledge tracing models include Vanilla-DKT, two Long Short-Term Memory Deep Knowledge Tracing (LSTM-DKT) variants, two Dynamic Key-Value Memory Network (DKVMN) variants, and Self-Attentive Knowledge Tracing (SAKT). As baselines, we evaluate simple non-learning models, logistic regression and Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT). To evaluate how different aspects of DLKT models influence model perfo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.15072/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j45YFDDVF9qowJ9VrrKblQROqVQz0BKyTc4OZryQe5ryuUkYRBChZFWk8hYK2jjHeCB3o4DugyYcuvvm/2tNAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T17:01:23.626821Z"},"content_sha256":"a8f4574f32886d1b088d687cb119c2eff28267d69cdd3ff8e8adc7a89de2c5e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a8f4574f32886d1b088d687cb119c2eff28267d69cdd3ff8e8adc7a89de2c5e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T17:01:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2OTWUGD2TGOW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"224d2f5129cca34d99602a88f606fc2f753d7a863aa74181657e69081666fa59","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"faae91fff6b7caac2834a969fc5f9d6d1903474667993263302d1b7a749266d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.15072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.15072v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.15072","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM2RGQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM2RGQLA2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EXBM7FFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a8f4574f32886d1b088d687cb119c2eff28267d69cdd3ff8e8adc7a89de2c5e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2112.15072/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We review and evaluate a body of deep learning knowledge tracing (DLKT) models with openly available and widely-used data sets, and with a novel data set of students learning to program. The evaluated knowledge tracing models include Vanilla-DKT, two Long Short-Term Memory Deep Knowledge Tracing (LSTM-DKT) variants, two Dynamic Key-Value Memory Network (DKVMN) variants, and Self-Attentive Knowledge Tracing (SAKT). As baselines, we evaluate simple non-learning models, logistic regression and Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT). To evaluate how different aspects of DLKT models influence model perfo","authors_text":"Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen, Sami Sarsa","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","title":"Empirical Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Knowledge Tracing: Of Hyperparameters and Metrics on Performance and Replicability"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:669da597f6b9900a0ecf50bf72ab008ccc35c06a4f3c4b28eddba0b4c780396a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"224d2f5129cca34d99602a88f606fc2f753d7a863aa74181657e69081666fa59","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-30T14:19:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"faae91fff6b7caac2834a969fc5f9d6d1903474667993263302d1b7a749266d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.15072","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"25c2cf94acd44d05834e9da861ea6675868eee5f751ba11346bdd1c55aaaa4b7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"25c2cf94acd44d05834e9da861ea6675868eee5f751ba11346bdd1c55aaaa4b7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715443Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715443Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"savS2N2LpYwODfsroBIFPtDgHEpD5Js/Y3XEKzgKCckZgWLqeqPGCU5dnpfC+Lfribtjmfw+xMBNvm3eBduQAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:11:29.715880Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2112.15072","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:669da597f6b9900a0ecf50bf72ab008ccc35c06a4f3c4b28eddba0b4c780396a","sha256:a8f4574f32886d1b088d687cb119c2eff28267d69cdd3ff8e8adc7a89de2c5e8"],"state_sha256":"eba4087bd87627a90da72db72d8df0f980f8a38bbcf95dc98766f9b1b4475116"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l+1aB2H+crhsHmF6+6rethxkSWK/h1WA6bx1Yo2kdV8j5BQpTOHTuWwzgEQMUcrdFwFTicmQaKKYbJiSvI0ZDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T17:01:23.630796Z","bundle_sha256":"a03bb4050529c6c4881ddbd0f9f066c8cd10bc196cb9c7a1dba481995ab904b8"}}