{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF","short_pith_number":"pith:EYLBBBVD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"c58d9c1f4fd59732bc45fc99cb8564ebce79868d1ed896da3a30e33a5cf6fa9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf4a353f76ab1b0c69b05793c3a5760b56a2745dc92eedacb0f4013efcde7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26161086a383627599ac22311e8e0b615b5dd5317ffeb279cf1724be35d71606","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2006.02838","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.02838","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.02838v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.02838","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EYLBBBVDQNRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EYLBBBVD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"c58d9c1f4fd59732bc45fc99cb8564ebce79868d1ed896da3a30e33a5cf6fa9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf4a353f76ab1b0c69b05793c3a5760b56a2745dc92eedacb0f4013efcde7c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26161086a383627599ac22311e8e0b615b5dd5317ffeb279cf1724be35d71606","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.913275Z","signature_b64":"ZkBaVeJRisqsBs6J1R0HAXoKKi/tNV5thyb0ZicayPjCxbgnuTzCVWA9+SoXiAoedQUqDldDVe3QmwqcmHWoAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"26161086a383627599ac22311e8e0b615b5dd5317ffeb279cf1724be35d71606","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.912633Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.912633Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2006.02838","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zRdOqKI7phoV/EPuJxhpsT0O76iHC9XcU1T6MyoH4cRlL2evlMD0FsHs0FBGAFf/qKpvXW85x8BMN5k+TyNgAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:55:05.573114Z"},"content_sha256":"e0321b564e76e8681c6287d12b85fdc35b05ed7bb1f98894a5437517b1157a5e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e0321b564e76e8681c6287d12b85fdc35b05ed7bb1f98894a5437517b1157a5e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures.","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Bernard Carr, Florian Kuhnel","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to $10^{16}$ - $10^{17}\\,$g, $10^{20}$ - $10^{24}\\,$g and $10$ - $10^{3}\\,M_{\\odot}$. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black-hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than 10^3 M_⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The completeness and accuracy of the existing observational constraints that define the allowed mass windows; if any constraint is overstated or incomplete, the viable windows could close or reopen.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"20f6810c583ae3174c244ec6185c5c8cf0c31b8f6f87c225822fa7326c5e903c"},"source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"897934cd-3a34-4291-beb3-5a3a0349b418","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T12:10:13.797913Z","strongest_claim":"PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than 10^3 M_⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect.","one_line_summary":"Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The completeness and accuracy of the existing observational constraints that define the allowed mass windows; if any constraint is overstated or incomplete, the viable windows could close or reopen.","pith_extraction_headline":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures."},"references":{"count":300,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"Figure 7 shows constraints on fPBH for WIMP masses of 10 GeV, 100 GeV and 1 TeV","work_id":"73e2b077-5f6d-44de-8636-90e84071d838","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1967,"title":"The Hypothesis of Cores Retarded during Expansion and the Hot Cosmological Model,","work_id":"1c6430b7-e4b4-4884-943b-9e33c06d5cb7","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1974,"title":"Stephen Hawking, “Black hole explosions,” Nature 248, 30–31 (1974)","work_id":"dae85af2-4659-407e-8a43-647d935e585f","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes,","work_id":"92ce6fce-dcee-4a3b-ac3a-c4d4278dff7c","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1976,"title":"Gamma rays from primordial black holes,","work_id":"4f74c3c2-b81d-4be7-a2b5-4c33b245f722","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":300,"snapshot_sha256":"c32b40d2ca802c248bb161c9df7040f89b36118abc39b5d0837443cef0f8f415","internal_anchors":171},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"c335d187afe8193dc75d66f2081fed54145040c41317639f02911f0b6eb573db"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"897934cd-3a34-4291-beb3-5a3a0349b418"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6Upd1srVDr+Kg0TDC2A83IiioHcH32tesie0nbpnMUmSD+/eJvpAIscHHj6MKew1P1XnF1pZTwuCEeZuyMPVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:55:05.574327Z"},"content_sha256":"849a61a56601e41f5c1a915247b68de863d13a548e352345dfae63c025048547","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:849a61a56601e41f5c1a915247b68de863d13a548e352345dfae63c025048547"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T08:55:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNMEIYR5DQLMF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf4a353f76ab1b0c69b05793c3a5760b56a2745dc92eedacb0f4013efcde7c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"c58d9c1f4fd59732bc45fc99cb8564ebce79868d1ed896da3a30e33a5cf6fa9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.02838","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.02838v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.02838","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EYLBBBVDQNRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EYLBBBVDQNRHLGNM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EYLBBBVD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:849a61a56601e41f5c1a915247b68de863d13a548e352345dfae63c025048547","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than 10^3 M_⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The completeness and accuracy of the existing observational constraints that define the allowed mass windows; if any constraint is overstated or incomplete, the viable windows could close or reopen."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures."}],"snapshot_sha256":"20f6810c583ae3174c244ec6185c5c8cf0c31b8f6f87c225822fa7326c5e903c"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"c335d187afe8193dc75d66f2081fed54145040c41317639f02911f0b6eb573db"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to $10^{16}$ - $10^{17}\\,$g, $10^{20}$ - $10^{24}\\,$g and $10$ - $10^{3}\\,M_{\\odot}$. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black-hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger","authors_text":"Bernard Carr, Florian Kuhnel","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"headline":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","title":"Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments"},"references":{"count":300,"internal_anchors":171,"resolved_work":300,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"Figure 7 shows constraints on fPBH for WIMP masses of 10 GeV, 100 GeV and 1 TeV","work_id":"73e2b077-5f6d-44de-8636-90e84071d838","year":2013},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"The Hypothesis of Cores Retarded during Expansion and the Hot Cosmological Model,","work_id":"1c6430b7-e4b4-4884-943b-9e33c06d5cb7","year":1967},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Stephen Hawking, “Black hole explosions,” Nature 248, 30–31 (1974)","work_id":"dae85af2-4659-407e-8a43-647d935e585f","year":1974},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes,","work_id":"92ce6fce-dcee-4a3b-ac3a-c4d4278dff7c","year":2010},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"Gamma rays from primordial black holes,","work_id":"4f74c3c2-b81d-4be7-a2b5-4c33b245f722","year":1976}],"snapshot_sha256":"c32b40d2ca802c248bb161c9df7040f89b36118abc39b5d0837443cef0f8f415"},"source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-16T12:10:13.797913Z","id":"897934cd-3a34-4291-beb3-5a3a0349b418","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Primordial black holes remain viable as dark matter in three mass windows and could seed cosmic structures.","strongest_claim":"PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than 10^3 M_⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect.","weakest_assumption":"The completeness and accuracy of the existing observational constraints that define the allowed mass windows; if any constraint is overstated or incomplete, the viable windows could close or reopen."}},"verdict_id":"897934cd-3a34-4291-beb3-5a3a0349b418"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e0321b564e76e8681c6287d12b85fdc35b05ed7bb1f98894a5437517b1157a5e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50bf4a353f76ab1b0c69b05793c3a5760b56a2745dc92eedacb0f4013efcde7c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-06-03T17:57:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"c58d9c1f4fd59732bc45fc99cb8564ebce79868d1ed896da3a30e33a5cf6fa9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.02838","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"26161086a383627599ac22311e8e0b615b5dd5317ffeb279cf1724be35d71606","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"26161086a383627599ac22311e8e0b615b5dd5317ffeb279cf1724be35d71606","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.912633Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.912633Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZkBaVeJRisqsBs6J1R0HAXoKKi/tNV5thyb0ZicayPjCxbgnuTzCVWA9+SoXiAoedQUqDldDVe3QmwqcmHWoAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:38:47.913275Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2006.02838","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e0321b564e76e8681c6287d12b85fdc35b05ed7bb1f98894a5437517b1157a5e","sha256:849a61a56601e41f5c1a915247b68de863d13a548e352345dfae63c025048547"],"state_sha256":"f68f90db0c73ddc4b7bdc3dd0d3be91329c6bf588b0ecb7ba76b7901ee191256"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eZMidA5V6mSkbzu2OugSMN8vkOmz8L7Ws6qKmX3j24EBSfJ88DUnYv5gDJg0Td10dqhCf7hCsfCdyZoand/zBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:55:05.579349Z","bundle_sha256":"49c2ddad9011f00a6d3db74a6d072bd0ab1e0fc12de79496be7e67638b6b5404"}}