{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI","short_pith_number":"pith:EYWP6ENC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"262cff11a22fec791b8dd816484b71720f6144976857cb518a7b46619ea83419","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.22425","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Selection effects in correlated observations with application to distance-ladder observations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"University of Waterloo), Will J. Percival (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics","submitted_at":"2026-07-24T15:48:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"For over a century, following the work of Eddington, Kapteyn, Malmquist and others, astronomers have wrestled with selection biases when making inferences from samples of objects. Typically, selection is performed on the same observations used to make the measurements of interest. However, selecting objects using one observable while analyzing another can also lead to a selection bias when the observables are correlated. Within a Bayesian framework, unmodelled selection effects correspond to a misspecified generative model. We derive the likelihood for truncated selection in correlated observa"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.22425","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2026-07-24T15:48:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6e3491d1d1e6aac3fa35173de7e9fba9fdd4f278b72467bd2a9cea2c5e689561","abstract_canon_sha256":"da5c9f1a781878a5edfef825b1a06d242677aa1f49321324393aa73645a48606"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.204010Z","signature_b64":"9TFtl4CYtzSpQaV/IfxspwBJbPu1GFoH20xQYWhCeS1rYC9iRUMP114G4OfUiRqDiP1j35UqVTwFr5jmk0RmBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"262cff11a22fec791b8dd816484b71720f6144976857cb518a7b46619ea83419","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.202828Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.202828Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Selection effects in correlated observations with application to distance-ladder observations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"University of Waterloo), Will J. Percival (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics","submitted_at":"2026-07-24T15:48:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"For over a century, following the work of Eddington, Kapteyn, Malmquist and others, astronomers have wrestled with selection biases when making inferences from samples of objects. Typically, selection is performed on the same observations used to make the measurements of interest. However, selecting objects using one observable while analyzing another can also lead to a selection bias when the observables are correlated. Within a Bayesian framework, unmodelled selection effects correspond to a misspecified generative model. We derive the likelihood for truncated selection in correlated observa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.22425","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.22425/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.22425","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.22425v1","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.22425","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EYWP6ENCF7WH","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EYWP6ENC","created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI","json":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EYWP6ENC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EYWP6ENC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2607.22425&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/EYWP6ENCF7WHSG4N3ALEQS3ROI/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-27T01:21:20.203555+00:00"}