{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ","short_pith_number":"pith:EZEA5TWO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"aa2f659d88f843229865e05af705c8b551c9ade07f282db99b0f98fa242d1355","abstract_canon_sha256":"081a99c6920d1c45ee6cf2143b1f9939e47ec3c8d272a86211d55752c1695292"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26480ececeb44af5b0305b339a32b04e791bd630eb5776b23d499b78e80205e5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1502.00861","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.00861","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.00861v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.00861","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EZEA5TWOWRFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EZEA5TWO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"aa2f659d88f843229865e05af705c8b551c9ade07f282db99b0f98fa242d1355","abstract_canon_sha256":"081a99c6920d1c45ee6cf2143b1f9939e47ec3c8d272a86211d55752c1695292"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"26480ececeb44af5b0305b339a32b04e791bd630eb5776b23d499b78e80205e5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.779004Z","signature_b64":"LSl1N96Co3P9TRfu15K1I1qAk6FHt5tjE/8NUoHHDlk5yympa7o0pLwkmxIwY0bc5zR4SWNTbUv+QacfgV3XAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"26480ececeb44af5b0305b339a32b04e791bd630eb5776b23d499b78e80205e5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.778442Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.778442Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1502.00861","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r8sAyEen9ifipjmc4V5sFyfIN5kD2d0YYXfgWJBXdG8nFGwK0gWSL1rQ75O1QH3aS6XMmYtUrCA5Gtuw9Yi3BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:01:06.957824Z"},"content_sha256":"89d07188d62f18b87068c97bd80f293725fa20a0d4d8a653fb11ec28fb5db799","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89d07188d62f18b87068c97bd80f293725fa20a0d4d8a653fb11ec28fb5db799"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Optimal Multiple Stopping Approach to Infrastructure Investment Decisions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","authors_text":"Eric Dahlgren, Tim Leung","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"The energy and material processing industries are traditionally characterized by very large-scale physical capital that is custom-built with long lead times and long lifetimes. However, recent technological advancement in low-cost automation has made possible the parallel operation of large numbers of small-scale and modular production units. Amenable to mass-production, these units can be more rapidly deployed but they are also likely to have a much quicker turnover. Such a paradigm shift motivates the analysis of the combined effect of lead time and lifetime on infrastructure investment deci"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Xc3dgHDLey/7i572FaqGIqTGJaG5f3iCNJrrBw+KvvJak/oapx+iox5UOEaSAAvj0UtLeSCIt7Ep94uxzQMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:01:06.958184Z"},"content_sha256":"2b9a06dd45062661d0c70f639d64e8d18be7334bde618c6df2af1a3a49c92835","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b9a06dd45062661d0c70f639d64e8d18be7334bde618c6df2af1a3a49c92835"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T00:01:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQLMZZUMVQJZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"081a99c6920d1c45ee6cf2143b1f9939e47ec3c8d272a86211d55752c1695292","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"aa2f659d88f843229865e05af705c8b551c9ade07f282db99b0f98fa242d1355"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.00861","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.00861v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.00861","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EZEA5TWOWRFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EZEA5TWOWRFPLMBQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EZEA5TWO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2b9a06dd45062661d0c70f639d64e8d18be7334bde618c6df2af1a3a49c92835","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The energy and material processing industries are traditionally characterized by very large-scale physical capital that is custom-built with long lead times and long lifetimes. However, recent technological advancement in low-cost automation has made possible the parallel operation of large numbers of small-scale and modular production units. Amenable to mass-production, these units can be more rapidly deployed but they are also likely to have a much quicker turnover. Such a paradigm shift motivates the analysis of the combined effect of lead time and lifetime on infrastructure investment deci","authors_text":"Eric Dahlgren, Tim Leung","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","title":"An Optimal Multiple Stopping Approach to Infrastructure Investment Decisions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:89d07188d62f18b87068c97bd80f293725fa20a0d4d8a653fb11ec28fb5db799","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"081a99c6920d1c45ee6cf2143b1f9939e47ec3c8d272a86211d55752c1695292","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.EC","submitted_at":"2015-02-03T13:50:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"aa2f659d88f843229865e05af705c8b551c9ade07f282db99b0f98fa242d1355"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.00861","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"26480ececeb44af5b0305b339a32b04e791bd630eb5776b23d499b78e80205e5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"26480ececeb44af5b0305b339a32b04e791bd630eb5776b23d499b78e80205e5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.778442Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.778442Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LSl1N96Co3P9TRfu15K1I1qAk6FHt5tjE/8NUoHHDlk5yympa7o0pLwkmxIwY0bc5zR4SWNTbUv+QacfgV3XAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:02.779004Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1502.00861","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:89d07188d62f18b87068c97bd80f293725fa20a0d4d8a653fb11ec28fb5db799","sha256:2b9a06dd45062661d0c70f639d64e8d18be7334bde618c6df2af1a3a49c92835"],"state_sha256":"f27dcba6c7579d8dde7b862930909a5ce05cb41500eb2e3b5050383b759d58a1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VXckXxvB+JhJ/Tq1FMsMBfIYvBNdtqqgctwm41F4QkHgPAv6K/GzODxSg2C6qmAWhI7bIzApUBB9V5mH/7/eAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:01:06.960212Z","bundle_sha256":"3ba0abee2523ee5e9bdab2a29922640ef50d82e99e0b5d137f97a1da692e75f4"}}