{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6","short_pith_number":"pith:F3JEZ5OO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52270246e32929d893d24d2c07a381b09e16fe5b91d9f439742008d6cad7c7b7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bac1c53fdf68a22e1aa18099f9103b83d21586953684aafbc09ec318472e9d67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ed24cf5ce9fd8664ecea802881eed7fbda5743f7cb2e9597867c48d1375855e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.06665","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.06665","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.06665v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.06665","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OOT7MG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWO","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OO","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"52270246e32929d893d24d2c07a381b09e16fe5b91d9f439742008d6cad7c7b7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bac1c53fdf68a22e1aa18099f9103b83d21586953684aafbc09ec318472e9d67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ed24cf5ce9fd8664ecea802881eed7fbda5743f7cb2e9597867c48d1375855e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186648Z","signature_b64":"EokRgry71QZN5f2Y42a0sab2SSbW6cd63zhWEKiijcOxvoG/uoiN+VbNy8D3uhCmUDhpFKDCtfjptFJoI4u9Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2ed24cf5ce9fd8664ecea802881eed7fbda5743f7cb2e9597867c48d1375855e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186162Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186162Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.06665","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JsdpqlMWzSILwgYoZxrbd8PVz7WOFzElT2PA5g3h8jbr5ecof3plXWYqyrjo1SglaJOg8aWJ5H2AF3nSZtO4Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:11:29.122025Z"},"content_sha256":"3e0a98b67976373547e113cde18b40d073875a13dcbf0a757538966faab9eebb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3e0a98b67976373547e113cde18b40d073875a13dcbf0a757538966faab9eebb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Properties of the Synthetic Control Estimator with Many Periods and Many Controls","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Bruno Ferman","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the asymptotic properties of the Synthetic Control (SC) estimator when both the number of pre-treatment periods and control units are large. If potential outcomes follow a linear factor model, we provide conditions under which the factor loadings of the SC unit converge in probability to the factor loadings of the treated unit. This happens when there are weights diluted among an increasing number of control units such that a weighted average of the factor loadings of the control units asymptotically reconstructs the factor loadings of the treated unit. In this case, the SC estimat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1906.06665/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rqfi7bA7Rq25kCW7X+mYYvJowK8/9rnFy3zOksPGz/T2nmzcQogays9Q0glE1jLpewJ9rB6gIAr175CEvDKxCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:11:29.123335Z"},"content_sha256":"b7f8e457f2126685719944d31b15dc6946d0423bec5f1ead257558e063751dff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7f8e457f2126685719944d31b15dc6946d0423bec5f1ead257558e063751dff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T12:11:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWOVABIQHXNP6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bac1c53fdf68a22e1aa18099f9103b83d21586953684aafbc09ec318472e9d67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"52270246e32929d893d24d2c07a381b09e16fe5b91d9f439742008d6cad7c7b7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.06665","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.06665v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.06665","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OOT7MG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OOT7MGMTWO","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F3JEZ5OO","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7f8e457f2126685719944d31b15dc6946d0423bec5f1ead257558e063751dff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.06665/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the asymptotic properties of the Synthetic Control (SC) estimator when both the number of pre-treatment periods and control units are large. If potential outcomes follow a linear factor model, we provide conditions under which the factor loadings of the SC unit converge in probability to the factor loadings of the treated unit. This happens when there are weights diluted among an increasing number of control units such that a weighted average of the factor loadings of the control units asymptotically reconstructs the factor loadings of the treated unit. In this case, the SC estimat","authors_text":"Bruno Ferman","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","title":"On the Properties of the Synthetic Control Estimator with Many Periods and Many Controls"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3e0a98b67976373547e113cde18b40d073875a13dcbf0a757538966faab9eebb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bac1c53fdf68a22e1aa18099f9103b83d21586953684aafbc09ec318472e9d67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2019-06-16T12:26:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"52270246e32929d893d24d2c07a381b09e16fe5b91d9f439742008d6cad7c7b7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.06665","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"2ed24cf5ce9fd8664ecea802881eed7fbda5743f7cb2e9597867c48d1375855e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2ed24cf5ce9fd8664ecea802881eed7fbda5743f7cb2e9597867c48d1375855e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186162Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186162Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EokRgry71QZN5f2Y42a0sab2SSbW6cd63zhWEKiijcOxvoG/uoiN+VbNy8D3uhCmUDhpFKDCtfjptFJoI4u9Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:05:35.186648Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.06665","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3e0a98b67976373547e113cde18b40d073875a13dcbf0a757538966faab9eebb","sha256:b7f8e457f2126685719944d31b15dc6946d0423bec5f1ead257558e063751dff"],"state_sha256":"a9a0f696a2320a78c601ebbf63d2da6e95b786ccc9be75b10d2a0f18749f80dc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H/I8wUhA66mQhTPQIhASQzY7RnjT8Vjdb8bVT/geuSjMMZ6LWZb2SvT52twE3fWo015O+Tr/PGs8PiU2C+BkAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:11:29.183573Z","bundle_sha256":"9e5ac75e014a2a2a1d844cd934d3d4c2ef1e7e9f93564491ed644e1d511122a0"}}