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We study this repulsion, parametrized by a four-fermion interaction with coupling g_V, in terms of non-perturbative gluon exchange in QCD in the Landau gauge. Matching the energy of quark matter, g_V n_q^2 (where n_q is the number density of quarks) with the quark exchange energy calculated in QCD with a gluon propagator parametrized by a finite gluon mass m_g and a frozen coupling alpha_s, at moderate quark densities, we find "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.01005","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-05-03T02:06:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"85ca883b744e0b913328d2dfbdf81a94d12b2184b5c5a07c14ec7627877a56cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"8d4baef6ad0d12dcbce8a10933080b03f6e6a9913dbd2eb1d5c75253adb077c9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:04.291101Z","signature_b64":"T7eC3YXqFqw2pj1oqERk/8QeSNaIst1gkI1LjCXa20o5J8PnJGz1+yrhyw+rcG2t8i85Dvl92ryq7D8tr20ZAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2f10aeb060cf6c354e2362c65cf89871b7679b7aab60a95a77a35693039da00d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:04.290503Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:04.290503Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effective repulsion in dense quark matter from non-perturbative gluon exchange","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Gordon Baym, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Toru Kojo, Yifan Song","submitted_at":"2019-05-03T02:06:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"A moderately strong vector repulsion between quarks in dense quark matter is needed to explain how a quark core can support neutron stars heavier than two solar masses. 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