{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW","short_pith_number":"pith:F53A2KXO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"788dace089faf7454acab3962d89f550bec17af12af2b8c2df1ef14332fd1b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"9b90e577fabe43b578fe9d2d0a68336f9b1b657983789c7a6814d0f401c8a389"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2f760d2aeef79aaa7cb7d999b430ef6d8a2c8fab29313c1dbc2cb8a4485333ff","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.01177","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.01177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F53A2KXO66NK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F53A2KXO66NKU7FX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F53A2KXO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"788dace089faf7454acab3962d89f550bec17af12af2b8c2df1ef14332fd1b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"9b90e577fabe43b578fe9d2d0a68336f9b1b657983789c7a6814d0f401c8a389"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2f760d2aeef79aaa7cb7d999b430ef6d8a2c8fab29313c1dbc2cb8a4485333ff","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.631384Z","signature_b64":"EmnoWL0c+QqPMtv309dfeoEBNc/HQ6WOysDZKTVO8pncOXY05OD89C6higINbqz5UnIBt9qw1GHf71KIczKmBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2f760d2aeef79aaa7cb7d999b430ef6d8a2c8fab29313c1dbc2cb8a4485333ff","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.630856Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.630856Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.01177","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TvSEm9DvWXb1Ltob3gYMOsuBg0NsUVO7RT0CEw+r7PBEYfdwnLjYkM3NWvRidmN7NMnySmxQMWmtGHKlcoDXDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:47:12.216045Z"},"content_sha256":"1fae4de9e4ef69d1dd308fc32d303c6b9fcaebc929ac4c375322ce2f6b4dec9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1fae4de9e4ef69d1dd308fc32d303c6b9fcaebc929ac4c375322ce2f6b4dec9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LLM Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Defenses, and Countermeasures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Fernando Berzal, Francisco Aguilera-Mart\\'inez","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, it is critical to assess the security threats and vulnerabilities that may arise both during their training phase and after models have been deployed. This survey seeks to define and categorize the various attacks targeting LLMs, distinguishing between those that occur during the training phase and those that affect already trained models. A thorough analysis of these attacks is presented, alongside an exploration of defense mechanisms designed to mitigate such threats. Defenses are classified into two primary categories: prevention-based and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.01177/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z4CcC6h1ZhHqNvXIWz9C1b9IG7Y5obHJRcSAZZPH96+NU3Rhdgu8j4oPj65bL/4NBHyio6xfk7TXAxmg/xmmAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:47:12.216595Z"},"content_sha256":"99065072fc0c0f00e2f4f2f1d7d5f28281fb60d793934748d57ef3dd90ad1376","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:99065072fc0c0f00e2f4f2f1d7d5f28281fb60d793934748d57ef3dd90ad1376"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T23:47:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:F53A2KXO66NKU7FX3GM3IMHPNW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9b90e577fabe43b578fe9d2d0a68336f9b1b657983789c7a6814d0f401c8a389","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"788dace089faf7454acab3962d89f550bec17af12af2b8c2df1ef14332fd1b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.01177v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.01177","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F53A2KXO66NK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F53A2KXO66NKU7FX","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F53A2KXO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:99065072fc0c0f00e2f4f2f1d7d5f28281fb60d793934748d57ef3dd90ad1376","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.01177/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, it is critical to assess the security threats and vulnerabilities that may arise both during their training phase and after models have been deployed. This survey seeks to define and categorize the various attacks targeting LLMs, distinguishing between those that occur during the training phase and those that affect already trained models. A thorough analysis of these attacks is presented, alongside an exploration of defense mechanisms designed to mitigate such threats. Defenses are classified into two primary categories: prevention-based and","authors_text":"Fernando Berzal, Francisco Aguilera-Mart\\'inez","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","title":"LLM Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, Defenses, and Countermeasures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1fae4de9e4ef69d1dd308fc32d303c6b9fcaebc929ac4c375322ce2f6b4dec9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9b90e577fabe43b578fe9d2d0a68336f9b1b657983789c7a6814d0f401c8a389","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-02T10:35:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"788dace089faf7454acab3962d89f550bec17af12af2b8c2df1ef14332fd1b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.01177","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2f760d2aeef79aaa7cb7d999b430ef6d8a2c8fab29313c1dbc2cb8a4485333ff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2f760d2aeef79aaa7cb7d999b430ef6d8a2c8fab29313c1dbc2cb8a4485333ff","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.630856Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.630856Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EmnoWL0c+QqPMtv309dfeoEBNc/HQ6WOysDZKTVO8pncOXY05OD89C6higINbqz5UnIBt9qw1GHf71KIczKmBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:46.631384Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.01177","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1fae4de9e4ef69d1dd308fc32d303c6b9fcaebc929ac4c375322ce2f6b4dec9b","sha256:99065072fc0c0f00e2f4f2f1d7d5f28281fb60d793934748d57ef3dd90ad1376"],"state_sha256":"dc5dce5d59dd56688b0b126cbfadd1a94ab721295004951d0c9f91f32eadf202"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6H9J7xlnGynWmA939JJD8MayiEVldRgGNMjQMBULq0F39Wl+tYT23FlbXO1yUrBfAvPCnwK2kO8FwrJFAfGUDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T23:47:12.221030Z","bundle_sha256":"91d9dcbe5e951c58e510f8d38aa2d127891db058ca544e9368294a7d19ce611f"}}